Anti-viral Flashcards
What sorts of viruses can be treated with anti-virals
○ A select few U.R.I. viruses including influenza types A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (R.S.V.). ○ Herpesviruses ○ Cytomegalovirus ○ Human immunodeficiency virus ○ Viral hepatitis B and C
What can be used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of H1N1
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) or Relenza (Zanamivir)
What class is Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
anti-viral
When should oseltamivir be administered
within 48hrs of the onset of symptoms
What is the MOA of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Neuramidase inhibition. Tamiflu was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor to be commercially developed
What are side effect concerns with oseltamivir
potential adverse neurologic effects including delirium, hallucinations, depression and increased suicidal ideation but the data are not definitive.
What are common side effects of oseltamivir
abdominal pain, N/V, HA
What is the MOA of Zanamivir (Relenza)
blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein, thus preventing the virus from budding off from the host cell
What are the indications for zanamivir (relenza)
influenza A and influenza B and avian flu, when given within 48 hours of infection
How is zanamivir (Relenza) administered
inhalation
How is tamiflu administered
PO
What are common side effects of zanamivir
N/V
What is amandatine (symmetrel) used for
Influenza A, early Parkinson’s disease
What is hutchinson’s sign
herpes outbreak on the tip of the nose
What is the MOA of acyclovir (zovirax)
guanosine analog that is incorporated into the viral DNA and inhibits further viral synthesis
How is acyclovir administered
PO, IV, and topical but the topical is worthless
what are common side effects of acyclovir
Headache, nausea and vomiting can occur with oral dose. Transient renal insufficiency can occur with higher IV doses and skin irritation can occur with topical doses
Does acyclovir cross the BBB
Why yes, yes it does.
What drug types are used for HIV
- reverse transcriptase
- Protease inhibitor
- Fusion inhibitor
- integrase inhibitor
What is the current standard treatment for HIV
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy )
What drugs normally make up HAART
two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI)
What are the three main forms of reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
What class is Zidovudine (AZT) (retrovir)
Anti-viral, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
What is the MOA of zidovudine
pyrimidine analog that is incorporated into the viral DNA by reverse transcriptase, which terminates further replication
