antihypertensive drugs Flashcards
What drug class is hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
thiazide diuretic
What are the indications of hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
HTN, dependent edema, hypocalcemia d/t urinary loss
What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance
Who should not be prescribed HCTZ or other thiazide class diuretics
Anyone with a sulfa drug allergy since thiazides contain a sulfonamide moiety
How often should serum electrolytes be measured in someone starting a diuretic
Monthly monitoring should be performed until desired BP is reached
What drug class is furosemide (lasix)
Loop diuretic
What are the indications of furosemide (lasix)
HTN, edema, CHF, renal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, hypercalcemia
What are the side effects of furosemide (lasix)
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperuricemia.
When is a loop diuretic the preferred diuretic
renal dz (low GFR), and hypertensive emergency since they are the strongest diuretic
what drug class is spironolactone (aldactone)
potassium sparing diuretic
What are the indications for spironolactone (aldactone)
Hypertension, chronic edema, hypercalcemia, PCOS, Hyperaldosteronism
What are the side effects of spironolactone (aldactone)
hyperkalemia
When is prescription of a potassium sparing diuretic inappropriate
For any patient who is taking Potassium supplements, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers .
What drug class is propanolol (inderol)
non-selective beta-blocker
What are the indications for propanolol
HTN, angina and acute MI, tachyarrhythmias, migraine headache prophylaxis, essential tremors
What are the side effects of propanolol
fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension
What drug class is atenolol (tenormin)
cardioselective beta-blocker
What are the indications of atenolol (Tenormin)
Hypertension, angina and acute MI, and several forms of tachyarrhythmia, hemodynamically stable MI
what are the side effects of atenolol (tenormin)
fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension
What drug class is prazosin (minipress)
Alpha-blocker
What are the indications of prazosin (minipress)
HTN, BPH
What are the side effects of prazosin (minipress)
Dizziness, H/A, orthostatic hypotension, impotency
What drug class is verapamil (isopten)
calcium channel blocker
What are the indications for verapamil (isopten)
hypertension, angina (vasospastic) and cardiac arrhythmias(super ventricular tachycardia), migraine and raynaud prophylaxis, CHF
What are the side effects of verapamil (isopten)
hypotension, dizziness, headache and flushing of skin, reflex tachycardia
What drug class is lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)
ACE inhibitor
What are the indications for lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)
HTN, post MI, diabetic nephopathy, prenephopathy
What are the side effects of lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)
dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia
what drug class is Losarten (Cozaar)
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
What are the indications of losarten (Cozaar)
HTN, diabetic nephropathy, prenephopathy
What are the side effects of losarten (Cozaar)
Hypotension, potential hyperkalemia, Persistent dry cough. Angioedema
What drug class is aliskiren (tekturna)
Direct renin inhibitor
What are the indications for aliskiren (tekturna)
HTN
What are the side effects of aliskiren (tekturna)
hypotension, headache, diarrhea, hyperkalemia (rare), and angioedema (rare)
What happens if a beta-blocker is stopped abruptly
Potentially, rebound hypertension and/or rebound tachycardia that is thought to be due in large part to up-regulation of beta receptors during treatment with a beta blocker
How does one reverse the bradycardia caused by a beta-blocker OD
glucagon (ER setting, of course)
What does the -olol drug name ending indicate
that the drug is a beta-blocker
When is a beta-blocker considered first line treatment
Only in HTN patient with co-morbid disease such as migraine headache, angina or history of MI
What does the -opril drug name ending indicate
That the drug is an ACE inhibitor
What is notable about ACEI effect on serum electrolytes
They have very limited effect on electrolytes except that they increase serum potassium
What is the drug type of choice for treating a patient with HTN and DM2
ACE inhibitor
What are the side effects of minoxidil
Hirsutism, sodium and water retention
How do direct vasodilators work
By opening K+ channels
What is a notable side effect of hydralazine
drug induced lupus syndrome
