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PHARMACOLOGY > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of upper respiratory tract

A

NARES
NASAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
LARYNX

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2
Q

Parts of lower respi tract

A

TRACHEA
BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI

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2
Q

Movement of air from atmosphere thru upper & lower airways to the alveoli

A

VENTILATION

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3
Q

Process where gas exchange occurs at alveolar-capillary membrane

A

RESPIRATION

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3
Q

3 phases of respiration

A

VENTILATION
PERFUSION
DIFFUSION

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4
Q

Types of upper respiratory infections (URIs)

A

COMMON COLD
ACUTE RHINITIS
SINUSITIS
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
ALLERGIC RHINITIS

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4
Q

Most prevalent URI. Caused by rhinovirus.

A

COMMON COLD

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5
Q

Acute inflammation of mucous membranes of nose

A

ACUTE RHINITIS

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6
Q

Inflammation of mucous membranes: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses

A

SINUSITIS

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7
Q

“Sore throat” / Inflammation of the throat

A

ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

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8
Q

“Hay fever”. Caused by pollen or foreign substances

A

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

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8
Q

Drugs used to manage cold symptoms (Upper respiratory infections)

A

ANTIHISTAMINES
DECONGESTANTS
ANTITUSSIVES
EXPECTORANTS

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9
Q

H1 antagonists. Prevents histamine response

A

ANTIHISTAMINES

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10
Q

2 Types of Histamine Receptors

A

H1 & H2

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11
Q

2 Classifications of Antihistamines

A

FIRST GEN & SECOND GEN

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12
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

Causes drowsiness & increased anticholinergic symptoms. It can cross BBB

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13
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

Non-drowsy. Can’t cause BBB

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14
Q

Example of 1st Gen Antihistamine

A

DIPHENHYDRAMINE (Benadryl)
PROMETHAZINE
CHLORPHENIRAMINE

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15
Q

Example of 2nd Gen Antihistamine

A

CETIRIZINE
LORATADINE
AZELASTINE

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16
Q

Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors that results to vasoconstriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa

A

DECONGESTANTS

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17
Q

Examples of Decongestants

A

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE

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18
Q

Example of Glucocorticoids

A

BECLOMETHASONE
FLUTICASONE
DEXAMETHASONE

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19
Q

Acts on the cough-control center in medulla to suppress cough reflex

A

ANTITUSSIVES

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20
Q

3 Types of Antitussives

A

OPIOID
NON-OPIOID
COMBINATION

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21
Q

Antitussive Drugs

A

BENZONATATE
CODEINE
DEXTROMETHORPHAN

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22
Q

Loosens bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing

A

EXPECTORANTS

23
Q

Examples of Expectorants

A

GUAIFENESIN
DEXTROMETHORPHAN

24
Q

Best natural expectorant

A

HYDRATION

25
Q

Sensors that are stimulated by changes in gases and ions

A

CHEMORECEPTORS

25
Q

cAMP

A

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

25
Q

It is inhibited by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Methyl xanthine group permits this to operate

A

cAMP

26
Q

Pulmonary enzyme that inhibits cAMP from functioning

A

PHOSPHODIESTERASE

27
Q

It is caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (COPD)

28
Q

Types of COPD

A

Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
Asthma

29
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the airway wall associated w/ varying amount of airway secretion

A

ASTHMA

29
Q

Decrease in total lung capacity that results in fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung

A

RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE

29
Q

Medications for COPD

A

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic)
Methyl Xanthine
Glucocorticoids
Leukotriene Modifiers
Cromolyn
Expectorants
Mucolytics
Antibiotics

29
Q

Drugs given for bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD. It increases cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles.

A

SYMPATHOMIMETICS: Alpha- and Beta2- Adrenergic Agonists

29
Q

Examples of Sympathomimetic drugs

A
  1. EPINEPHRINE: nonselective sympathomimetic
  2. Albuterol: selective beta2-adrenergic agonist
29
Q

Sympathomimetics used for acute asthmatic attacks

A

SHORT ACTING

29
Q

Sympathomimetics used for maintenance

A

LONG ACTING

29
Q

It inhibits the actions of acetylcholine by blocking muscarinic receptors

A

ANTICHOLINERGICS

30
Q

Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD

A

TIOTROPIUM

30
Q

Anticholinergic Drugs

A
  1. TIOTROPIUM
  2. IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE
30
Q

Adenosine receptor antagonist that stimulates CNS, respiration, dilate coronary & pulmonary vessels

A

METHYLXANTHINE DERIVATIVES

30
Q

Methylxanthine Drugs

A

THEOPHYLLINE
AMINOPHYLLINE
CAFFEINE

30
Q

It relaxes smooth muscle of bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels by prohibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase

A

AMINOPHYLLINE-THEOPHYLLINE

30
Q

Blocks leukotriene cells and other chemical mediators that cause bronchoconstriction

A

LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST / LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS

30
Q

Examples of Leukotriene Receptors Antagonists

A

ZAFIRLUKAST
ZILEUTON
MONTELUKAST

30
Q

Drugs used to treat
respiratory disorders, particularly asthma. These drugs have an
antiinflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is unresponsive to
bronchodilator therapy or if the patient has an asthmatic attack while on maximum doses of theophylline or an adrenergic drug.

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

30
Q

Drug that has synergistic effect when given with a beta 2 agonist

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

31
Q

Prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma and is a mast cell stabilizer

A

CROMOLYN

32
Q

CROMOLYN

A

Mast cell stabilizer

32
Q

This drug does not have bronchodilator properties but it inhibits release of histamine & other inflammatory mediators from mast cells

A

CROMOLYN

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

ACETYLCYSTEINE

A

MUCOLYTIC

32
Q

Agents that act as detergents to liquefy & loosed thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated

A

MUCOLYTICS

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

ALBUTEROL

A

SYMPATHOMIMETICS

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

DEXAMETHASONE

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

ZAFIRLUKAST

A

LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIER

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE

A

SYMPATHOMIMETIC-BETA 2 ADRENERGIC

32
Q

Classify the Drug:

EPINEPHRINE

A

NONSELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC

33
Q

This nonselective sympathomimetic drug is given In an acute bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis from an allergic reaction. It is an alpha1, beta1, and beta2 agonist—is given subcutaneously to promote
bronchodilation and elevate blood pressure

A

EPINEPHRINE

34
Q

It is administered in emergency situations to restore circulation and increase airway patency

A

EPINEPHRINE

PHARMACOLOGY (11 decks)

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