Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Parts of upper respiratory tract
NARES
NASAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
LARYNX
Parts of lower respi tract
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI
Movement of air from atmosphere thru upper & lower airways to the alveoli
VENTILATION
Process where gas exchange occurs at alveolar-capillary membrane
RESPIRATION
3 phases of respiration
VENTILATION
PERFUSION
DIFFUSION
Types of upper respiratory infections (URIs)
COMMON COLD
ACUTE RHINITIS
SINUSITIS
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Most prevalent URI. Caused by rhinovirus.
COMMON COLD
Acute inflammation of mucous membranes of nose
ACUTE RHINITIS
Inflammation of mucous membranes: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses
SINUSITIS
“Sore throat” / Inflammation of the throat
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
“Hay fever”. Caused by pollen or foreign substances
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Drugs used to manage cold symptoms (Upper respiratory infections)
ANTIHISTAMINES
DECONGESTANTS
ANTITUSSIVES
EXPECTORANTS
H1 antagonists. Prevents histamine response
ANTIHISTAMINES
2 Types of Histamine Receptors
H1 & H2
2 Classifications of Antihistamines
FIRST GEN & SECOND GEN
First generation antihistamines
Causes drowsiness & increased anticholinergic symptoms. It can cross BBB
Second generation antihistamines
Non-drowsy. Can’t cause BBB
Example of 1st Gen Antihistamine
DIPHENHYDRAMINE (Benadryl)
PROMETHAZINE
CHLORPHENIRAMINE
Example of 2nd Gen Antihistamine
CETIRIZINE
LORATADINE
AZELASTINE
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors that results to vasoconstriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa
DECONGESTANTS
Examples of Decongestants
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
Example of Glucocorticoids
BECLOMETHASONE
FLUTICASONE
DEXAMETHASONE
Acts on the cough-control center in medulla to suppress cough reflex
ANTITUSSIVES
3 Types of Antitussives
OPIOID
NON-OPIOID
COMBINATION
Antitussive Drugs
BENZONATATE
CODEINE
DEXTROMETHORPHAN
Loosens bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing
EXPECTORANTS
Examples of Expectorants
GUAIFENESIN
DEXTROMETHORPHAN
Best natural expectorant
HYDRATION
Sensors that are stimulated by changes in gases and ions
CHEMORECEPTORS
cAMP
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
It is inhibited by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Methyl xanthine group permits this to operate
cAMP
Pulmonary enzyme that inhibits cAMP from functioning
PHOSPHODIESTERASE
It is caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (COPD)
Types of COPD
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
Asthma
Inflammatory disorder of the airway wall associated w/ varying amount of airway secretion
ASTHMA
Decrease in total lung capacity that results in fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung
RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
Medications for COPD
Sympathomimetics (adrenergic)
Methyl Xanthine
Glucocorticoids
Leukotriene Modifiers
Cromolyn
Expectorants
Mucolytics
Antibiotics
Drugs given for bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD. It increases cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles.
SYMPATHOMIMETICS: Alpha- and Beta2- Adrenergic Agonists
Examples of Sympathomimetic drugs
- EPINEPHRINE: nonselective sympathomimetic
- Albuterol: selective beta2-adrenergic agonist
Sympathomimetics used for acute asthmatic attacks
SHORT ACTING
Sympathomimetics used for maintenance
LONG ACTING
It inhibits the actions of acetylcholine by blocking muscarinic receptors
ANTICHOLINERGICS
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD
TIOTROPIUM
Anticholinergic Drugs
- TIOTROPIUM
- IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE
Adenosine receptor antagonist that stimulates CNS, respiration, dilate coronary & pulmonary vessels
METHYLXANTHINE DERIVATIVES
Methylxanthine Drugs
THEOPHYLLINE
AMINOPHYLLINE
CAFFEINE
It relaxes smooth muscle of bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels by prohibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase
AMINOPHYLLINE-THEOPHYLLINE
Blocks leukotriene cells and other chemical mediators that cause bronchoconstriction
LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST / LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS
Examples of Leukotriene Receptors Antagonists
ZAFIRLUKAST
ZILEUTON
MONTELUKAST
Drugs used to treat
respiratory disorders, particularly asthma. These drugs have an
antiinflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is unresponsive to
bronchodilator therapy or if the patient has an asthmatic attack while on maximum doses of theophylline or an adrenergic drug.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Drug that has synergistic effect when given with a beta 2 agonist
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma and is a mast cell stabilizer
CROMOLYN
CROMOLYN
Mast cell stabilizer
This drug does not have bronchodilator properties but it inhibits release of histamine & other inflammatory mediators from mast cells
CROMOLYN
Classify the Drug:
ACETYLCYSTEINE
MUCOLYTIC
Agents that act as detergents to liquefy & loosed thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated
MUCOLYTICS
Classify the Drug:
ALBUTEROL
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
Classify the Drug:
DEXAMETHASONE
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Classify the Drug:
ZAFIRLUKAST
LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIER
Classify the Drug:
ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE
SYMPATHOMIMETIC-BETA 2 ADRENERGIC
Classify the Drug:
EPINEPHRINE
NONSELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC
This nonselective sympathomimetic drug is given In an acute bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis from an allergic reaction. It is an alpha1, beta1, and beta2 agonist—is given subcutaneously to promote
bronchodilation and elevate blood pressure
EPINEPHRINE
It is administered in emergency situations to restore circulation and increase airway patency
EPINEPHRINE
