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PHARMACOLOGY > Antianginal Drugs > Flashcards

Antianginal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of Angina

A
  • Classic (stable): occurs w/ predictable stress or exertion
  • Unstable (preinfarction): occurs frequently with progressive severity unrelated to activity; unpredictable regarding stress / exertion and intensity
  • Variant (vasospastic): occurs during rest
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2
Q

Type of angina that occurs w/ predictable stress or exertion

A

CLASSIC

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3
Q

Type of angina that occurs frequently with progressive severity unrelated to activity; unpredictable regarding stress / exertion and intensity

A

UNSTABLE (Pre-infarction)

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4
Q

Type of angina that occurs during rest

A

VARIANT (VASOSPASTIC)

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5
Q

3 agents for the treatment of Angina

A
  1. Organic nitrates
  2. Beta-blockers
  3. Calcium -channel blockers
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6
Q

Explain the mechanisms of each antianginal drugs

A

NITRATES:
- can cause vasodilation of the veins and coronary artery

BETA-BLOCKERS:
- decrease the heart rate

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER:
- decrease force of contraction leading to a decreased myocardial workload and demand

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6
Q

How do you tell that anti anginal drugs are effective?

A

IF CHEST PAIN IS RELIEVED

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7
Q

These agents are simple nitric and nitrous acid esters of alcohols

A

ORGANIC NITRATES

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7
Q

Example of Nitrates

A
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Isosorbide Dinitrate / Mononitrate
  • Amyl nitrate
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8
Q

A moderately volatile nitrate

A

NITROGLYCERIN

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8
Q

An extremely volatile nitrate

A

AMYL NITRATE

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9
Q

This relaxes the smooth muscles in the vascular system by its conversion to nitric oxide (a chemical mediator in the body that relaxes smooth muscle)

A

NITROGLYCERIN

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10
Q

Administration route of Nitroglycerin

A

SUBLINGUAL

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10
Q

Most common effect of nitroglycerin

A

HEADACHE

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11
Q

How do you manage tolerance of medicine?

A

ABSTINENCE

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12
Q

Giving nitroglycerin is limited to the number of __

A

3

12
Q

This is a sympathomimetic drug often used to treat hypotension in shock states that are not caused by hypovolemia

This drug is an immediate precursor of norepinephrine

This also stimulates receptors to cause cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation

A

DOPAMINE

13
Q

Dose range of Dopamie

A

1-20 mg/kg/min

14
Q

Explain mechanism of dopamine in different doses

  1. Low dose (1-2 mg)
  2. Moderate dose (2-10)
  3. Higher doses ( more than 10)
A

LOW : Dilates renal and mesenteric blood vessels

MODERATE: enhance cardiac output by increasing heart rate and elevates blood pressure thru peripheral vasoconstriction

HIGHER: vasoconstriction of all vessels

15
Q

It will inactivate dopamine

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

15
Q

How will you know that dopamine is effective?

A
  • Increased urine output
  • Increased BP
16
Q

These are conduction dysfunctions caused by abnormalities in impulse generation or impaired transmission of the impulses

A

ARRHYTHMIAS

17
Q

Deviations from the normal rate or pattern of heartbeat

A

ARRHYTHMIAS

18
Q

These agents are given to modify impulse generation and conduction. It restores the cardiac rhythm to normal

A

ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS

18
Q

Cardiac action potential

A

1: K+ efflux (repolarization)
2: K+ efflux & Ca+ influx
3: K+ efflux
4: Resting membrane potential; steady K+

19
Q

Classes of anti-arrhythmic agents:

A
  • Class 1: fast sodium
  • Class 2: beta-blockers
  • Class 3: potassium channel blockers
  • Class 4: calcium channel blockers
20
Q

This class of anti-arrhythmic are fast fast SODIUM channel blockers that affects depolarization phase

A

CLASS 1

21
Q

This class of anti-arrhythmic are BETA blockers that affect depolarization

A

CLASS II

22
Q

This anti-arrhythmic class are a POTASSIUM channel blocker that diminish outward potassium current during repolarization of cardiac cells

A

CLASS III

23
Q

This anti-arrhythmic agents are CALCIUM channel blockers that decrease the calcium influx

A

CLASS IV

PHARMACOLOGY (11 decks)

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