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PHARMACOLOGY > Cardiovascular Agents > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as a consistent elevation of the systolic or diastolic blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg

A

HYPERTENSION

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2
Q

Stages of Blood Pressure

A

-Normal: <120 over < / 80
-Prehypertension: 120 or > / 80
-Hypertension: 140/90
-Stage 1: 140-159 / 90-99
-Stage 2: 160 or > /100 or >
-Malignant Hypertension: sustained 200 or >/110 or >

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2
Q

2 Types of Hypertension

A
  • Primary: unknown cause
  • Secondary: due to underlying medical condition
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3
Q

Explain RAAS

A
  1. Renin is released from kidney upon drop in BP
  2. Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
  3. Angiotensin I is acted upon by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) into angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
  4. Angiotensin II causes release of aldosterone (that promotes sodium retention leading to water retention)
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3
Q

Non-pharmacologic control of hypertension

A
  1. stress reduction
  2. exercise
  3. salt restriction
  4. decreased alcohol ingestion
  5. smoking cessation
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3
Q

Give 3 actions of the beta-blockers in the heart

A
  • Decreased HR
  • Decreased force of contraction
  • Decreased rate of A-V conduction
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3
Q

It is the major hormonal system that increases systemic BP

A

RAAS: Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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4
Q

These beta-blockers are specific to one type of receptor only

A

SELECTIVE BETA-BLOCKERS

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4
Q

What does Angiotensin II do?

A
  • Increases blood volume & pressure
  • Promotes sodium & H20 retention in kidney
  • Stimulate vasoconstriction
    -induces release of aldosterone
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4
Q

SELECTIVE and specific beta-blocker

A

METOPROLOL

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4
Q

Prototype of NON-SELECTIVE beta-blocker

A

PROPRANOLOL

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4
Q

Clinical indications of the beta-blockers

A
  • HYPERTENSION
    -ANGINA PECTORIS
  • MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
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5
Q

These agents are antagonist of the beta-receptors of the SNS

They reduce cardiac output by diminishing the sympathetic nervous system response and sympathetic tone

A

BETA-BLOCKERS / The “olol”s

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6
Q

Major side effect of the “olol”s / beta-blockers

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Reason: impaired ability of the liver to convert glycogen to glucose

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6
Q

Give samples of beta-blockers: Non-selective & Selective

A

Non-Selective:
- Propranolol
- Carteolol
- Nadolol

Selective:
- Metoprolol
- Acebutolol
- Atenolol

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6
Q

These agents block the conversion of Angiotensin I (AI) to Angiotensin II (AII) in the lungs

A

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS / ACE INHIBITORS (the PRILS)

7
Q

Prototype of ACE inhibitors (the -Pril)

A

CAPTOPRIL

7
Q

These agents block the beta-adrenergic receptors in the body, thereby decreasing the heart rate and in turn, the blood pressure

A

THE “OLOL”s / BETA-BLOCKERS

7
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitors

A
  • Captopril
  • Benazepril
  • Fosinopril
8
Q

This is a very powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulus for the release of aldosterone

A

ANGIOTENSIN II

8
Q

3 actions of ACE inhibitors

A
  • Increased cardiac output
  • Increased cardiac rate
  • Increased cardiac contractility
9
Q

These agents work by attaching to the Angiotensin II receptors in the vascular smooth muscles and the adrenal gland

A

AGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) / The “Sartan”s

9
Q

The major side efect of taking ACE inhibitors

A

COUGH

9
Q

Clinical use of ARB

A
  • Hypertension
  • If px can’t tolerate unrelenting cough associated with ACE inhibitors
9
Q

These agents prevent the movement of calcium into the cardiac and smooth muscle cells when the cells are stimulated

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

10
Q

These are selective agents that specifically bind to the angiotensin II receptors in the blood vessels and adrenal cortex to prevent release of aldosterone and prevent vasoconstriction

A

ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (the SARTANS) (ARB)

10
Q

Prototype of the “Sartans” / Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

LOSARTAN

10
Q

This drug is prohibited to pregnant mothers because it can cause FETAL DEATH and severe fetal abnormalities

A

THE “SARTAN”s / ACE inhibitors

11
Q

Samples of the “Sartans” / Angiotensin II receptor blockers

A
  • LOSARTAN
  • TELMISARTAN
  • CANDESARTAN
12
Q

3 actions of Calcium Channel Blockers

A
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased cardiac workload
  • Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption
12
Q

These are very effective in the treatment of angina because they decrease the cardiac workload

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

12
Q

These agents inhibit the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering the action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

13
Q

Common Calcium Channel Blockers

A
  • VERAPAMIL
  • NIFEDIPINE
  • DILTIAZEM
13
Q

Its main use is for the treatment of angina

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

PHARMACOLOGY (11 decks)

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