respiratory conditions Flashcards
what is asthma
chronic inflammation of airways
what does V and Q stand for
V= ventilation (air flow)
Q= perfusion (blood flow)
these 2 should be matched
what happens during an asthma attack
airway resistance increases which decreases air flow (V/Q ventilation perfusion ratio mismatch) which leads to decreased gas exchange and therefore a decrease of oxygen and an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
what 3 things happen during an asthma attack that increases airway resistance
- bronchoconstriction/ bronchospasm (smooth muscle layer gets thicker)
- mucosal oedema (swelling of the mucosa)
- increased mucus production that can form mucus plugs
what is hypoxaemia
decreased oxygen in the blood
what is hypoxia
decreased oxygen in the tissues
what is hypercapnia
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
what is cystic fibrosis
abnormality in chloride channels so there is a decrease of chloride secretion into the ECF. this means that any secretions such as mucus from endothelial cells become thick, dry and sticky from lack of chloride
why is cystic fibrosis an autosomal recessive
because it needs both recessive alleles for it to be expressed.
how does cystic fibrosis affect the respiratory tract
- decreased cilia action so it can not clear debris and microbes which increase chronic infections and increase airway resistance
how does cystic fibrosis affect the GI system
- mucus secretions thickened which causes a decrease in nutrient absorption and a decrease in movement of substances through the GI tract
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