oral health Flashcards
what are the layers of the teeth
- enamel- outermost layer of the teeth above the gums
- cementum- outermost layer of the teeth below the gums
- dentin- middle layer of the teeth
- pulp- soft inner tissue of the teeth (contains blood vessels and nerves)
what is tooth eruption
when teeth come out of the gums
what are some dental traumas
- avulsion- teeth knocked out of socket
- chipping/ breaking
- displacement
what to do if displacement or avulsion of teeth occur
- displacement- try re align and position the tooth within an hour
- avulsion- re-implantation of tooth within the hour
- prior to these things the tooth needs to be kept moist in milk and do not disturb the roots
what are causes of dental cavity
- bacteria
- substrates- fermentable sugars/ carbs
- susceptibility
how does bacteria cause cavities
it lives in the plaque in teeth and eats away at the layers of your teeth
how does substrates such as fermentable sugars/ carbs cause cavities
bacteria can feed on them especially in low oxygen environments
hoe does susceptibility cause cavities
minor defects on the teeth that create a space that plaque is harder to get our of, poor oral hygiene and decreased saliva can cause this
what are the two stages of periodontal disease
- gingivitis
2. periodontitis
what is gingivitis
redness, swelling and bleeding of the gums, it is reversible with good oral hygiene. if not treated it turns to periodontitis
what is periodontitis
the gums start to recede and the tooth gets loose (ligament degeneration) which leads to infection because the roots are exposed. periodontitis is associated with systemic complications like;
- respiratory diseases
- diabetes
- preterm labour
what increases the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis
smoking
