GI CONDITIONS

Question 1

What is GORD

Answer 1

A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the oesophagus

Question 2

what are the stages of GORD

Answer 2

• acute- presents as minor heartburn
• chronic- presents with heartburn, difficulty swallowing (dysphasia) or painful swallowing (odynophagia), acid/ water brash, saliva and stomach acid, chronic cough, pain, can lead to laryngitis and sinusitis

Question 3

what are the causes of GORD

Answer 3

1. decreased sphincter tone- how tight the sphincter between the oesophagus and stomach is
2. delayed gastric emptying and increased intraabdominal pressure- the stuff in your stomach stays there for longer
3. with a loose sphincter and lots in the stomach is causes the stomach content to come back up

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology of GORD

Answer 4

acid erodes the mucosa of the oesophagus which can lead to ulceration, strictures and barrett’s oesophagus (cellular change) which can lead to cancer

Question 5

what are treatments of GORD

Answer 5

• lifestyle changes
• proton pump inhibitors
• surgery
• antacids

Question 6

what is gastritis

Answer 6

inflammation of gastric mucosa

Question 7

what are the 2 types of gastritis

Answer 7

1. acute- upset stomach caused from drugs, poisons and infection. will heal in a few days
2. chronic- caused from an autoimmune disease, infection and anything that chronically irritates the stomach lining. will heal with progressive atrophy/ loss of gastric cells

Question 8

what is peptic ulcer disease

Answer 8

break in the mucosa surface

Question 9

what causes peptic ulcer disease

Answer 9

1. acids/ enzymes erode the deeper tissue
2. gastric ulceration
3. duodenal ulceration (most common)

Question 10

what are signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 10

• epigastric pain/ discomfort
• indigestion
• nausea and vomiting
• bleeding
• changes in the stools
• perforation of ulcers, strictures, scarring

Question 11

what is a hernia and the 2 types

Answer 11

an abnormal protrusion of tissue through an opening.

1. hiatal hernia- protrusion through the diaphragm
2. inguinal- protrusion of intestines through inguinal canal

Question 12

what are causes of a hiatal hernia

Answer 12

• sliding

- paraesophageal- can get constricted or stuck

Question 13

what is inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 13

inflammation of the GI wall

Question 14

what are the 2 types of bowel disease

Answer 14

1. ulcerative colitis

2. chron’s disease

Question 15

what is ulcerative colitis

Answer 15

• inflammation that only affects the mucosa layer

- most common in distal colon

Question 16

what is chron’s disease

Answer 16

• inflammation affects all layers of the GI tract wall
• most commonly in the proximal colon and small intestines
• nutritional deficiencies

Question 17

what are signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 17

• abdominal pain
• nausea or vomiting
• diarrhoea
• weight loss
• anorexia (loss of appetite)
• bleeding