Respiratory assessmet

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

process of gas exchange

Question 2

ventilation invlolves:

Answer 2

inspiration and expiration

Question 3

inspiration

Answer 3

capacity if chest increases, air enters through trachea into the lungs; requires more energy

Question 4

expiration

Answer 4

lungs recoil and force air out; less energy

Question 5

how does air flow?

Answer 5

from higher pressure to lower pressure

Question 6

causes if airway resistance

Answer 6

contraction of smooth muscle, thickening of bronchial mucosa, obstruction of airway, loss of lung elasticity

Question 7

compliance

Answer 7

elasticity and expandability of lungs and thoracic structures

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

process of O2 and CO2 exchanged; high to low concentration; surfactant process

Question 9

perfusion

Answer 9

blood flow through pulmonary vasculature; blood flow carrying O2 and CO2; low pressure system

Question 10

Shunt

Answer 10

perfusion exceeds ventilation; obstruction of distal airways, no gas exchange, main cause of hypoxia after surgery

Question 11

dead space

Answer 11

ventilation proceeds perfusion; alveoli not supplied with enough blood for gas exchange

Question 12

silent unit

Answer 12

limited or absent ventilation and perfusion

Question 13

metabolic acidosis risk factors

Answer 13

diarrhea, fever, hypoxia, starvation, seizure, overdose, renal failure, DKA, dehydration

Question 14

metabolic acidosis manifestations

Answer 14

bradycardia, weak pulses, hypotension, tachypnea, flaccid paralysis, confusion, hyporeflexia, lethargy, warm flushed, dry skin, kussmual respirations

Question 15

metabolic acidosis interventions

Answer 15

treat underlying cause, administer fluids, electrolytes

Question 16

metabolic alkalosis risk factors

Answer 16

ingestion of antacids, GI suction, hypokalemia, TPN, blood transfusions, prolonged vomiting

Question 17

metabolic alkalosis manifestations

Answer 17

dizziness, paresthesia, hypertonic muscles, decreased respirations

Question 18

metabolic alkalosis interventions

Answer 18

treat underlying cause, administer fluids and electrolytes

Question 19

respiratory acidosis risk factors

Answer 19

respiratory depression, pneumothorax, airway obstruction, inadequate ventilation

Question 20

respiratory acidosis manifestations

Answer 20

dizziness, palpitations, muscle twitching, convulsions

Question 21

respiratory acidosis interventions

Answer 21

maintain patent airway, reversal agents for narcotics, regulation ventilation therapy, bronchodilators, mucolytics

Question 22

respiratory alkalosis risk factors

Answer 22

hyperventilation hypoxemia, altitude sickness, asphyxiation, asthma, pneumonia

Question 23

respiratory alkalosis manifestations

Answer 23

tachypnea, anxiety, tetany, paresthesia, palpitations, chest pain

Question 24

respiratory alkalosis interventions

Answer 24

regulation oxygen therapy, reduce anxiety, rebreathing techniques

Question 25

signs and symptoms of respiratory distress

Answer 25

nasal flaring, use of intercostals and accessory muscles, uncoordinated chest movement, SOB

Question 26

where are ABGs drawn

Answer 26

radial artery, brachial artery, femoral artery

Question 27

nursing considerations for ABGs

Answer 27

fainting, pin cushion syndrome, hematoma, post procedure bleeding, infection

Question 28

who to take ABGs on

Answer 28

ARDS, sepsis, hypovolemic shock, DKA, renal tubular acidosis, ARF, cardiac arrest, asthma attack

Question 29

Venous gas studies are drawn from where

Answer 29

venous system

Question 30

what results do VBGs give

Answer 30

pH and HCO3

Question 31

T/F: VBGs are easier and less painful

Answer 31

true

Question 32

where are VBGs drawn

Answer 32

cephalic vein, media cubital vein, basilic vein

Question 33

nursing considerations for VBGs

Answer 33

hematoma, bruising, infection