Emergency management of the Respiratory system Flashcards
hypoxemia
low oxygen in the blood
hypoxia
low oxygen in the cells
early manifestations (hypoxemia)
tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, increased BP, pallor, tripod position, nasal flaring, adventitious lung sounds
late manifestations (hypoxia)
bradypnea, bradycardia, confusion and stupor, decreased BP and RR, cyanosis, arrhythmias
common causes of hypoxemia
anemia, ARDS, asthma, congenital heart defects, COPS/emphysema
anoxia
complete lack of oxygen to brain
how long can the brain survive without oxygen
6 minutes
respiratory emergencies
pulmonary edema, asthma, anaphylaxis, PE, near drowning, COPD exacerbation, spontaneous pneumothorax
ludwigs angina
bacterial infection that affects your neck and floor of mouth
GCS level indicating obstruction
less than 8
oropharyngeal airway
inserted through the mouth to establish airway
nasopharyngeal airway
inserted through nose to establish airway; can be used in patients with a gag reflex
laryngeal mask airway
inserted through mouth into larynx to establish airway; does not prevent against aspiration
indications for advanced airway
airway protection, respiratory failure, maintaining oxygen, apnea, reduced LOC, trauma to larynx, drugs, deep sedation, head injury
intubations sedative medications
etomidate, fentanyl, midazolam, propofol
intubation paralytic medication
succinylcholine and rocuronium
where does the tube need to sit in the trachea
below larynx above carina
cricothyrotomy
emergency way to establish airway; tube inserted into trachea
low pressure alarm
there is not enough pressure, cuff leak
high pressure alarm
there is tooo much pressure, tube is kinked, lung not inflated, or breathing over vent
apnea alarm
ventilator not providing breaths
weaning criteria
hemodynamically stable, passed breathing trail, lower support, if BP,HR, and increased diaphoresis = not ready
