EKG interventions

Question 1

what does the rhythm look like when a patient has hypokalemia

Answer 1

T wave is flattened and U wave is present

Question 2

What does the rhythm look like when a patient has hyperkalemia

Answer 2

T wave is narrow, tall, and pointed

Question 3

severe hyperkalemia rhythm

Answer 3

QRS complex is widened

Question 4

hypocalcemia rhythm

Answer 4

ST segment and QT interval are prolonged

Question 5

hypercalcemia rhythm

Answer 5

ST segment and QT interval are shortened

Question 6

causes of arrythmias

Answer 6

exercise, anxiety, fever, catecholamines, heart disease, COPD

Question 7

contributing factors to arrythmias

Answer 7

CAD, CHF, HTN, OSA, previous heart surgery, electrolyte imbalance, alcohol

Question 8

what does the sympathetic nervous system do to the blood pressure

Answer 8

increases BP; constricts peripheral blood vessels

Question 9

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to blood pressure

Answer 9

Lowers BP; also reduces HR, AV conduction, and force of myocardial contraction

Question 10

what should the nurse assess to see if there is adequate cardiac output

Answer 10

cap refill, SPO2, skin color, LOC. CVP, signs of fluid retention, heart sounds, HR, pulse pressure, BP

Question 11

goals of managing arrythmias

Answer 11

maintain CO, reduce anxiety, patient understands arrhythmias and treatments, develops self care, decrease the event of arrhythmias

Question 12

pacemaker

Answer 12

electronic device that provides an electrical stimuli to the heart muscle

Question 13

atrial pacing

Answer 13

P wave should follow an atrial spike

Question 14

ventricular pacing

Answer 14

QRS should follow a spike

Question 15

AV or Dual pacing

Answer 15

P wave after spike and QRS after spike

Question 16

capture

Answer 16

the term used to denote that the appropriate complex followed the pacing spike

Question 17

complications of a pace maker

Answer 17

infection, bleeding, hematoma, dislocation of lead, phrenic nerve stimulation, cardiac tamponade, malfunction

Question 18

failure to capture

Answer 18

The pacemaker spike is not followed by either atrial or ventricular depolarization.

Question 19

failure to sense

Answer 19

The pacemaker fires without regard to the underlying heart rhythm

Question 20

cardioversion

Answer 20

the delivery of a timed electrical current to terminate a tachyarrhythmia

Question 21

T/F: cardioversion requires synchronization with the EKG and heart rhythm

Answer 21

True

Question 22

elective cardioversion

Answer 22

when the arrythmias lasts longer 48 hours a person can elect to have cardioversion performed

Question 23

defibrillation

Answer 23

use in emergency situations to shock the heart and get a normal rhythm

Question 24

T/F: defibrillation can be used on a patient with a pulse

Answer 24

False

Question 25

what should the defibrillator be set at to shock initially

Answer 25

150-200 joules

Question 26

T/F the synchronizer should be off during defibrillation

Answer 26

True

Question 27

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Answer 27

electronics device that detects and terminated life threatening episodes of tachycardia or fibrillation