Cardiac A&P testing

Question 1

depolarization

Answer 1

cells are being activated, contracting

Question 2

repolarization

Answer 2

cells are resting

Question 3

contractility

Answer 3

the ability of the cardiac muscle to contract in response to electrical impulse

Question 4

ejection fraction (EF)

Answer 4

amount of blood that leave the heart with each contraction

Question 5

normal EF

Answer 5

60-70%

Question 6

cardiac biomarkers

Answer 6

myocardial cells that become necrotic from prolonged ischemia or trauma release specific enzymes, CK isoenzymes, and protein

Question 7

lipid profile evaluates the patients risk for what

Answer 7

CAD

Question 8

brin-natriuretic peptide (BNP) is used to test for what

Answer 8

heart failure

Question 9

C-reactive protein is used too test for what

Answer 9

CVD

Question 10

homocysteine indicates a persons risk for what

Answer 10

CAD, stroke, and PVD

Question 11

Electrocardiography (EKG)

Answer 11

detects abnormalities in the heart rate and rhythm; shows a different picture of the heart throughout the body

Question 12

cardiac stress test

Answer 12

looks at how the heart reacts under exercise and stress; looks at CO, rhythms, and perfusion

Question 13

echocardiography

Answer 13

noninvasive ultrasound that is used to measure EF and examine the size, shape, and motion of the cardiac structures

Question 14

transesophageal ECHO

Answer 14

invasive way of the Echo is unable to get a picture of the heart and calculate the EF

Question 15

Cardiac catheterization

Answer 15

invasive procedure used to diagnose structural and functional disease of the heart and great vessels; long tube that goes from arm or leg up into the heart

Question 16

hemodynamic monitoring

Answer 16

assessment that is achieved by the used of direct pressure monitoring systems; used in critically ill patients: CVP, pulmonary artery pressure, intra-arterial blood pressure