atelectasis, ARDS, and ARF

Question 1

V or P: open air-filled alveoli

Answer 1

ventilation

Question 2

V or P: intact alveolar capillary membranes

Answer 2

ventilation

Question 3

V or P: normal blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature

Answer 3

perfusion

Question 4

goal of providing respiratory assistance

Answer 4

prevent cell death (hypoxia)

Question 5

T/F ventilation and perfusion must be balanced

Answer 5

true

Question 6

atelectasis

Answer 6

closure or collapse of alveoli

Question 7

V or P: atelectasis

Answer 7

ventilation; cannot exchange O2 and CO2

Question 8

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 8

the build up of fluid in the alveoli

Question 9

T/F: the patient responds to O2 therapy

Answer 9

false: the patient is refractory to therapy

Question 10

Examples of ARDS: Lung tissue injury

Answer 10

aspiration, COVID, drug ingestion, embolism, hematologic disorders, localized infection, pancreatitis, prolonged inhalation of high concentrations, sepsis, shock, trauma, E-cigarettes

Question 11

the process of ARDS

Answer 11

lung injury > inflammation > cell and chemical mediator > collapsed alveoli > increased resistance > decreased lung compliance

Question 12

the circle of ARDS

Answer 12

severe hypoxia > shunt > refractory > acute lung injury > inflammation > hypoxia

Question 13

what does hypoxemia represent

Answer 13

pulmonary edema

Question 14

S&S of hypoxemia

Answer 14

rapid onset of severe dyspnea, SPO2 90-92%, increased RR, HR, headache, restlessness, confusion, SOB

Question 15

medical interventions for ARDS

Answer 15

treat underlying cause, supplemental O2, support severe respiratory dysfunction

Question 16

T/F the nurse should monitor BP for severe hypotension

Answer 16

True: interstitial leak of fluid causes decrease volume in vessels

Question 17

when treating the hypovolemia the nurse should monitor for what complication

Answer 17

fluid overload

Question 18

nursing interventions for ARDS

Answer 18

frequent assessments, enhance ventilation and removal of secretions, coughing and deep breathing, treat underlying cause

Question 19

Acute respiratory failure (ARF)

Answer 19

acute or chronic impairment of gas exchange between lungs and blood

Question 20

ABG levels for ARF

Answer 20

PaCO2 > 50, pH < 7.35, PaO2 < 60

Question 21

clinical picture

Answer 21

progression of hypoxemia to hypoxia

Question 22

medical interventions for ARF

Answer 22

correct underlying cause, restore gas exchange, ET intubation + mechanical ventilation

Question 23

nursing interventions for ARF

Answer 23

assist and support with intubation risk, support mechanical ventilation, monitory oxygenation, patient and family education, medications