Respiratory Assessment Flashcards
AP to Transverse Diameter
normal is 1:2. abnormal is 1:1 (barrel chest) can indicate COPD
Kyphosis
hunch back
Scolosis
causes asymmetry
Trachea
normal is in midline; abnormal is deviated which can mean lung collapse
Kussmaul Breathing
air hungry, hyperventilation, deep and labored breathing, can mean diabetic ketoacidosis or renal kidney failure
Cheyenne Stokes
10-20 seconds of apnea, then pick up breathing again, end of life pattern
Crepitus
air trapped, crackling sensation
Thoracic Expansion
thumbs should move 5-10 cm
Tactile Fremitus
tests vibrations of air in chest, have pt say 99, feel for intensity to decrease evenly as we move down
If tactile fremitus stronger on one side
consolidation of air
If tactile fremitus less on one side
air trapping
Resonance
normal, air filled
Dull
fluid or tissue filled
Tympani
high pitch, hollow air
Hyper-resonance
pitch higher than normal; can indicate emphysema
Diaphragm Excursion
3-5 cm is normal; percuss anterior back
Bronchial
high loud and harsh; heard in trachea
Bronchovesicular
middle area, moderate pitch and amplitude
Vesicular
bottom, lower pitch, sounds like rustling of leaves
Crackles
fluid in lungs, heard in alveoli sacks, can mean HF, Px diuretics
Wheezes
in bronchial tubes, sounds like snore, indicates asthma or COPD, Px bronchodilators
Strider
sounds like seal, croup, can hear when walking into room, emergency
Plural Friction Rub
when pleura lining gets dry and causes rub due to friction, if Pt. holds breath and rub goes away it could mean dehydration
Bronchophony
say 99 and we listen to hear faint and muffled sounds
Egophony
say E, if sounds like A its abnormal
Whisper Pectoriloquy
whisper 123, if you hear words clearly can indicate abnormal lung tissue
