Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards
Dorsiflexion
toes point to ceiling
Plantar Flexion
toes point down
How are assessments performed?
cephalocaudal and proximal to distal
What should you do if pt. complains of pain
stop the movements!
Flexion of spine
bend foward
Extension of spine
bend backwards
Straight Leg Raise Test
tests for herniated disk; pt in supine position, raise calf with hand on heel and calf raise then dorsiflex
abnormal: pain
Measure leg length
measure from iliac spine to medial malleolus
Finger Flexion
fist over thumb
Rheumatoid Arthritis
chronic autoimmune disease, bilateral joints affected; chronic can cause swan-neck deformity
Osteosrathritis
degenerative change in articular cartilage can be seen in farmers, painters, and hairdressers; Heberden and Bouchard nodes
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
burning, numbness and tingling in hands; often at night
Tinel Test
elbow flexed and wrist upward, top on median nerve
abnormal: tingling or burning in hand, thumb or fingers
Phalen’s Sign
back of hands pressed together for 1 minute
abnormal: numbness in palmar aspect of hand
Bulge test
detects small amounts of fluid, stroke medial side of knee upward with ball of hand, press on lateral knee and look for bulge on medial side
Ballottement Test
detects large amounts of fluid, with non-dominant hand squeeze above patella, with other hand press patella towards femur to assess for click or fluid wave
McMurray’s Test
tests for torn meniscus, flex knee and hip of affected leg, place thumb and index finger on opposite side of knee, with other hand rotate lower leg laterally nothing pain or clicking
Hallux Valgus
lateral deviation of great toe overlapping the 2nd toe
Bunion
inflamed bursa in medical side of great toe
Osteoprosis
old white women who smoke, loss of bone density due to lack of calcium as well as decline of estrogen
What to look for it pt comes in with a cast on
compression syndrome, check capillary refill, bruising isn’t bas necessarily
Grade 0
no contraction or muscle movement
Grade 1
trace of contraction but no movement of the joint
Grade 2
movement at the joint with gravity eliminated
Grade 3
Movement against gravity, but not against added resistance
Grade 4
Movement against external resistance with less strength than usual
Grade 5
normal strength
