Respiratory Flashcards
What is the treatment for TB?
Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide
What is the presentation of TB?
Night sweats, fever, wt loss, chronic cough with purulent sputum and haemoptysis
What does blue bloater indicate in COPD?
Low V/Q ratio, low ventilation due to chronic bronchitis and hypoxaemia (increased cardiac output)
What does red puffer indicate in COPD?
High V/Q ratio, emphysema, reduced perfusion due to destroyed capillary beds (increased cardiac output)
What are the steps in management of COPD?
Step 1 - SABA/SAMA
Step 2- LABA (budosenide) /LAMA or LABA/ICS
Step 3 - LAMA/LABA/ICS (formoterol)
Step 4 - LTOT
What is the presentation for asthma?
Inflammation, mucus release, bronchiole spasm, increased airway resistance - cough, wheeze, tightness, SOB
What are the complications of COPD?
Acute exacerbation, pneumonia, polycythaemia, T2RF, pneumothorax, cor pulmonale
What is heard on heart sound in cor pulmonale?
Split 2nd hear sound with loud pulmonary component
What is the treatment for OSA?
Overnight CPAP - prevents airway closure through pneumatic splinting
wt loss, smoking and alcohol cessation
What are the drugs associated with pulmonary fibrosis?
Methotrexate (RhA), amiodarone, nitrofurantoin (recurrent UTIs), bleomycine
What does exudative and transudative effusion show?
Exudative - pleural effusion, infection, malignancy
Transudative - HF, cirrhosis, CKD, GI malnutrition
What are the signs of pneumonia?
Bronchial breathing, coarse creps, increased resonance, dull percussion
Aspiration pnemonia - unsafe swallow
What are the signs of Klebsiella pneumonia?
Hx of alcoholism, redcurrant sputum, upper lobe, gram -ve, anaerobic rod
Elderly, diabetic, malignancy, COPD, CKD
What does an increased pH, increased pO2 and decreased pCO2 indicate?
Panic attack
What is seen on CXR with COPD?
Flattened hemi-diaphragm, hyperinflation, thin heart
What is the treatment ladder for asthma?
SABA -> SABA+ICS -> SABA+LABA+ICS -> oral leukotriene, steroid, LABA
What does PF look like on spirometry?
Normal FEV1/FVC, reduced TLCO
What are the features of PE?
Right-heart strain, raised JVP, parasternal heave, loud P2 (pulmonary heart sound)
What is mesothilioma?
Asbestos exposure, manifests in pleura - pleural thickening with distinct plaques
What is seen on an echo for PE?
RV dilatation, RV hypokinesia, pulmonary HTN, need urgent thrombolysis
What is the treatment for an acute asthma attack?
Prednisolone and nebulised salbutamol
What is empyema and what is the treatment?
Recurrent fever despite antibiotic treatment for pneumonia - causes swinging fevers
Chest drain under US guidance
What is the most common lung cancer in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
What are the signs of sarcoidosis and management?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, SOB, dry cough and fatigue, painful red eye, blurred vision
Oral prednisolone
What does a PE show on ECG?
Right axis deviation
