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Year 3 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the management for subacute thyroiditis?

A

Supportive care, anti-thyroid medications are ineffective, NSAIDs

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2
Q

What does Nelson’s syndrome cause?

A

Cushing’s syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy
Causes increased CRH, which leads to anterior pituitary adenoma
Causes headache, visual field defects, hormonal issues (skin pigmentation)

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3
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Metyrapone (blocks steroid synthesis pathway)

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome? What is the test and management?

A

Flushing, diarrhoea, hypotension, wheezing, right atrial enlargement
Test - urinary 5-HIAA
Management - Octreotide

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5
Q

What is the treatment of Grave’s disease?

A

Carbimazole - inhibits thyroid peroxidase enzyme, side effect = rash, pruritus

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Weakness, cramps, parasthesia, thirst, hypokalaemia, increased aldosterone:renin ratio

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7
Q

What are the causes of primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, Conn’s, familial hyperaldosteronism, adrenal carcinoma

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8
Q

What is the treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

K+-sparing diuretics (Amiloride, Spironolactone, Eplerenone)

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9
Q

What HTN medication is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

ACEi and ARB

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10
Q

What is the first treatment for hypopituitarism?

A

Cortisol

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11
Q

Which medication is preferred for pregnancy females with hypothyroidism?

A

Propylthiouracil > carbimazole

Propanolol - symptomatic relief

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12
Q

What is the test for an insulinoma?

A

24 hr fast

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13
Q

What does a raised PTH, decreased calcium and no kidney disease indicate?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

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14
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia unawareness?

A

Decrease insulin, more than normal blood glucose target

If severe = 10% IV dextrose and glucagon

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15
Q

What is the triad for phaechromocytoma?

A

Headache, sweating, tachycardia

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16
Q

What is seen in the investigations of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia?

A

normal sodium, decreased potassium, primary hyperaldosteronism, secondary HTN

17
Q

Why does sulphonylureas cause hypoglycaemia?

A

Increased K+ channel closing, more insulin release, more risk of hypoglycaemia

18
Q

What are the signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism and what can cause it?

A

Low Ca2+, high phosphate, high PTH, high ALP
CKD, decreased phosphate excretion
Vit D deficiency has low phosphate

19
Q

What is the first line investigation for Cushing’s?

A

Overnight dexamethasone suppression - plasma cortisol levels are measured 8am the next day

20
Q

What are the signs of prolactinoma in men and women?

A

Women -> amenorrhoea, galactorrhea, infertiltiy
Men -> gynaecomastia, erectile dysfunction, decrease sex drive, less body hair
Headache, N&V, sweating

Year 3 (11 decks)

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