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Year 3 > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, weak and pain on one side, tenderness, mild facial weakness on that side
CN 5, 7, 8 - tumour

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2
Q

What does damage to the ulnar nerve cause?

A

Weakness of hand, sensory loss to little finger, wasting of hypothenar component, no thumb adduction

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3
Q

What does viral meningitis show on LP?

A

Mononuclear cells, increased CSF glucose, decreased protein

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4
Q

What does bacterial meningitis show on LP?

A

Polymorphs, decreased CSF glucose, increased protein

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5
Q

What is the presentation of meningitis?

A

Fever, non-blanching petechial rash, neck stiffness, photophobia, headache, confusion

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6
Q

What are the RFs for haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Age, berry aneurysms, trauma, alcohol, anti-coagulants, cerebral neoplasm, HTN/cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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7
Q

What are the signs and treatment of middle cerebral artery?

A

Contralateral sudden onset weakness of arm and leg, slurred speech, facial asymmetry
Treatment - thrombolysis with rTPA, e.g. Alteplase, Tenecteplase

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8
Q

What does a tonic-clonic seizure look like and what is the treatment?

A

Limb stiffening and jerking, LOC, post-ictal confusion

Treatment: sodium valproate, Lamotrigine

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9
Q

What does an epileptic seizure look like?

A

Blackout, post-ictal phase, tongue biting, urinary incontinence

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10
Q

What does MS LP look like?

A

less WCC, less RCC, normal glucose, raised protein, oligoclonal bands on Western Blot in CSF, not plasma

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11
Q

What are the signs of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

DANISH

Dysdiadochokinesia, ataxia, nystagmus, intention tremor, slurred speech, hypotonia

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12
Q

What is BPPV and what is the treatment?

A

Debris in semi-circular canals of ears - vertigo

Treatment - employ manoeuvre

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13
Q

What cancer is associated with myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymoma

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14
Q

What medication is given for myasthenia graves?

A

Pyrostigmine and prednisolone

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15
Q

What is giant cell arteritis, how does it present and what is the treatment?

A

Inflammation of artery, tender and palpable over scalp, e.g. while combing hair/eating
Unwell, headache, visual loss, fever, tenderness to scalp palpitation, raised ESR, temporal artery biopsy - inflammation and immune cells
Treatment - high dose Prednisolone

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16
Q

What does an epileptic myoclonic seizure look like?

A

Sudden jerking of limb, trunk, face, no LOC, violent and unpredictable

17
Q

What does glossopharyngeal nerve palsy look like?

A

Uvula away, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth

18
Q

What are the signs of Parkinson’s and the treatment?

A

TRAP - tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability (shuffling gait)
Treatment - Levodopa

19
Q

What is the presentation of Meniere’s disease? What are the DDx for vertigo?

A

Vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, aural fullness
Needs antihistamines and bed rest
Ddx: BPPV, acute labyrinthitis (no deafness, tinnitus, viral illness), acoustic neuroma

20
Q

What makes myasthenia gravis worse?

A

B-blocker, Abx, anti-malarial, lithium and other psych drugs

21
Q

What are the signs of common peroneal nerve palsy?

A

Foot drop, weakness in dorsiflexion, foot inversion is normal, lateral calf = sensory loss
L5 radiculopathy - cannot invert foot

22
Q

What triad is seen in increased ICP?

A

Cushing’s triad - HTN, bradycardia, labile breathing

23
Q

What is the treatment for seizures if pt is pregnant?

A

Lamotrigine

24
Q

What is the presentation of hydrocephalus and the management?

A

Urinary incontinence, gait dysfunction, dementia

LP - then ventriculoperitoneal shunting

25
Q

What is a long-term SE of levodopa?

A

Dyskinesia - writhing and unco-ordinated movements

26
Q

What are the signs of an extradural haematoma and what is the treatment?

A

Raised ICP, head trauma, headache, vomiting, dilated fixed pupil
Drug = mannitol - osmotic diuretic that decreases ICP

27
Q

What are the signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Diplopia, speech disturbance, fatiguable weakness at rest

28
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

Increased ICP, leads to decreased GCSE. Brainstem compression leads to Cushing’s triad - bradycardia, HTN, abnormal breathing

29
Q

What are the signs of a temporal lobe seizure?

A

Abdominal symptoms, staring, disorientation, lip smacking

30
Q

What is the treatment for seizures?

A

Lorazepam, Diazepam, Midazolam

31
Q

What is the sign of a hypoglossal nerve lesion?

A

Tongue deviation

Year 3 (11 decks)

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