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Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

The trachea and bronchi are lined by

A

pseudostratified columnar mucin producing ciliated epithelium

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3
Q

The bronchioles are lined by

A

cuboidal epithelium w/ neuroendocrine cells dispersed throughout (NO mucus glands)

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4
Q

The alveoli are lined by

A

epithelium composed of type I and type II pneumocytes

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5
Q

Type ___ alveolar pneumocytes have the ability to proliferate

A

II; Type II pneumocytes replace Type I if the need arises

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6
Q

Defense Mechanism: Nasal clearance filters contaminants of what size

A

> 10μm - particulate matter, dust, allergens, bacteria, pollens and fungi

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7
Q

Defense Mechanism: Mucociliary escalator filters contaminants of what size

A

3-10μm - important in polluted environments

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8
Q

Defense Mechanism: Alveolar clearance/Macrophages filter contaminants of what size

A

1-5μm (carbon pigments)

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9
Q

parenchymal subpleural lesion + enlarged caseating lymph nodes

A

Primary TB

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10
Q

Septic shock predisposes a pt to

A

ARDS

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11
Q

Which lung cancer commonly produced ACTH?

A

Small cell carcinoma

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12
Q

Invasion of blood or lymph vessels by TB and spread

A

Miliary TB

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13
Q

Enlarged, barrel chest, pursed lips

A

Emphysema

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14
Q

Resolving lobar pneumonia may be characterized by

A

Grey Hepatization

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15
Q

Congenital A1AT deficiency is associated with

A

Panacinar emphysema

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16
Q

Diffusely circumscribed tumor, Arise in periphery of lung, beneath the pleura, Glandular differentiation

A

Adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

ARDS is associated with respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

A

respiratory acidosis

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18
Q

Lungs of ARDS appear

A

heavy, red, boggy

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19
Q

Microscopy of lungs w/ ARDS would show

A

hyaline membrane formation, inflammation and hyperplasia of Type II pneumocytes

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20
Q

Emphysema is related to a deficiency of

A

A1AT

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21
Q

A complication of emphysema

A

cor pulmonale

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22
Q

Most common agent of lobar pneumonia

A

S. pneumo

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23
Q

Hemorrhage into alveolar spaces w/ neutrophils, bacteria, and fibrin accumulation describes

A

Red hepatization

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24
Q

cavitary lesion w/ hilar LAD

A

TB

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25
Caseation necrosis + hilar lymph nodes
Ghon Complex
26
What happens to most primary TB lesions?
walled off and remain dormant
27
If TB was found in the kidney what could you assume?
TB invaded the pulmonary vein
28
Asbestos exposure is most likely to result in
bronchogenic carcinoma
29
Irregular mass, near hilum, cells produce keratin
SCC
30
Which tumor has the highest association with smoking?
SCC
31
Tumors secreting hormone or hormone-like proteins is called
Paraneoplastic syndrome
32
Normal EKG but no palpable pulses
PE
33
young female with atherosclerosis, medial hypertrophy of pulmonary a. branches
idiopathic pHTN
34
The cause of idiopathic pHTN is believed to be
Neurohormonal
35
What condition is typically seen with centrilobular emphysema
chronic bronchitis
36
Fever, SOB, rusty sputum, S. pneumo
Lobar pneumonia consolidation
37
Microscopy of Lobar pneumonia would show
intra-alveolar segmented neutrophils w/ bacteria and blood
38
Hilar LAD, asteroid bodies, non-caseating granuloma
Sarcoidosis
39
Subpleural caseating granuloma + hilar LAD
Ghon complex
40
Order of which bronchogenic carcinomas are associated w/ smoking
SCC, Small cell, Adenocarcinoma
41
Microscopy of interstitial lung disease would show
extensive fibrosis of pulmonary parenchyma
42
Mucus gland hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy, squamous metaplasia
Chronic bronchitis
43
Emphysema is characterized by
overinflation and alveolar wall destruction
44
Rapid development of intra-alveolar hyaline membrane formation
ARDS
45
Obstruction -\> lung collapse is an example of
absorptive atelectasis
46
Bronchogenic carcinoma least associated w/ smoking
adenocarcinoma
47
Marked dilation of airways + foul sputum
bronchiectasis
48
Electromechanical dissociation on EKG
PE
49
necrotizing infection, irreversible airway dilation, foul sputum
bronchiectasis
50
Mucus plugs, BM thickening, SM hypertrophy, eosinophil infiltrate
Allergic asthma
51
ARDS may result from
pancreatitis, burns, septic shock, toxic drug reaction
52
Which pulmonary feature distinguishes allergic vs non-allergic asthma
eosinophilic infiltrate
53
Systemic miliary TB is related to
invasion of the pulmonary venous system
54
Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia occurs in
ARDS
55
Liver
dual blood supply
56
Caroli’s Disease
Commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis
57
von Meyenburg complex
Rarely malignant
58
Gilbert’s Disease
Not fatal
59
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Not fatal
60
alpha-1-antitrypsin
common cause of neonatal cholestasis
61
Cystic Fibrosis
Mutation deltaF508 regulates Chloride ion channel transport on Chromosome 7
62
Hemochromatosis
Autosomal recessive disorder
63
Wilson’s Disease
Autosomal recessive disorder
64
Alcoholic Liver Disease
20% of alcoholics develop cirrhosis
65
autoimmune hepatitis
70% women
66
Neonatal hepatitis
prognosis with surgery
67
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
is not easily distinguished from alcoholic hepatitis
68
Echinococcal cyst
Common cause of hepatic cysts worldwide
69
Hepatitis A
NOT associated with massive hepatic necrosis and acute liver failure
70
Hepatitis B
Lifetime risk for hepatocellular carcinoma is low for men and women
71
hepatitis testing
HBsAG IgM is the FIRST marker to go up in the window period
72
Autoimmune Cholangitis
associated with IgG4
73
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Rapid/Severe course
74
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
NOT AN Indolent course managed effectively with medication
75
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
HIGH mortality for acute disease
76
T1
solitary tumor without vascular invasion
77
T2
solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors, none \> 5cm
78
T3
multiple tumors \> 5cm, or tumor(s) of any size involving a major branch of the hepatic or portal vein
79
T4
tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum

PATHOLOGY (18 decks)

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