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PATHOLOGY > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

The trachea and bronchi are lined by

A

pseudostratified columnar mucin producing ciliated epithelium

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3
Q

The bronchioles are lined by

A

cuboidal epithelium w/ neuroendocrine cells dispersed throughout (NO mucus glands)

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4
Q

The alveoli are lined by

A

epithelium composed of type I and type II pneumocytes

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5
Q

Type ___ alveolar pneumocytes have the ability to proliferate

A

II; Type II pneumocytes replace Type I if the need arises

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6
Q

Defense Mechanism: Nasal clearance filters contaminants of what size

A

> 10μm - particulate matter, dust, allergens, bacteria, pollens and fungi

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7
Q

Defense Mechanism: Mucociliary escalator filters contaminants of what size

A

3-10μm - important in polluted environments

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8
Q

Defense Mechanism: Alveolar clearance/Macrophages filter contaminants of what size

A

1-5μm (carbon pigments)

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9
Q

parenchymal subpleural lesion + enlarged caseating lymph nodes

A

Primary TB

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10
Q

Septic shock predisposes a pt to

A

ARDS

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11
Q

Which lung cancer commonly produced ACTH?

A

Small cell carcinoma

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12
Q

Invasion of blood or lymph vessels by TB and spread

A

Miliary TB

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13
Q

Enlarged, barrel chest, pursed lips

A

Emphysema

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14
Q

Resolving lobar pneumonia may be characterized by

A

Grey Hepatization

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15
Q

Congenital A1AT deficiency is associated with

A

Panacinar emphysema

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16
Q

Diffusely circumscribed tumor, Arise in periphery of lung, beneath the pleura, Glandular differentiation

A

Adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

ARDS is associated with respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

A

respiratory acidosis

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18
Q

Lungs of ARDS appear

A

heavy, red, boggy

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19
Q

Microscopy of lungs w/ ARDS would show

A

hyaline membrane formation, inflammation and hyperplasia of Type II pneumocytes

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20
Q

Emphysema is related to a deficiency of

A

A1AT

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21
Q

A complication of emphysema

A

cor pulmonale

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22
Q

Most common agent of lobar pneumonia

A

S. pneumo

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23
Q

Hemorrhage into alveolar spaces w/ neutrophils, bacteria, and fibrin accumulation describes

A

Red hepatization

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24
Q

cavitary lesion w/ hilar LAD

A

TB

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25
Q

Caseation necrosis + hilar lymph nodes

A

Ghon Complex

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26
Q

What happens to most primary TB lesions?

A

walled off and remain dormant

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27
Q

If TB was found in the kidney what could you assume?

A

TB invaded the pulmonary vein

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28
Q

Asbestos exposure is most likely to result in

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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29
Q

Irregular mass, near hilum, cells produce keratin

A

SCC

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30
Q

Which tumor has the highest association with smoking?

A

SCC

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31
Q

Tumors secreting hormone or hormone-like proteins is called

A

Paraneoplastic syndrome

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32
Q

Normal EKG but no palpable pulses

A

PE

33
Q

young female with atherosclerosis, medial hypertrophy of pulmonary a. branches

A

idiopathic pHTN

34
Q

The cause of idiopathic pHTN is believed to be

A

Neurohormonal

35
Q

What condition is typically seen with centrilobular emphysema

A

chronic bronchitis

36
Q

Fever, SOB, rusty sputum, S. pneumo

A

Lobar pneumonia consolidation

37
Q

Microscopy of Lobar pneumonia would show

A

intra-alveolar segmented neutrophils w/ bacteria and blood

38
Q

Hilar LAD, asteroid bodies, non-caseating granuloma

A

Sarcoidosis

39
Q

Subpleural caseating granuloma + hilar LAD

A

Ghon complex

40
Q

Order of which bronchogenic carcinomas are associated w/ smoking

A

SCC, Small cell, Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Microscopy of interstitial lung disease would show

A

extensive fibrosis of pulmonary parenchyma

42
Q

Mucus gland hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy, squamous metaplasia

A

Chronic bronchitis

43
Q

Emphysema is characterized by

A

overinflation and alveolar wall destruction

44
Q

Rapid development of intra-alveolar hyaline membrane formation

A

ARDS

45
Q

Obstruction -> lung collapse is an example of

A

absorptive atelectasis

46
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma least associated w/ smoking

A

adenocarcinoma

47
Q

Marked dilation of airways + foul sputum

A

bronchiectasis

48
Q

Electromechanical dissociation on EKG

A

PE

49
Q

necrotizing infection, irreversible airway dilation, foul sputum

A

bronchiectasis

50
Q

Mucus plugs, BM thickening, SM hypertrophy, eosinophil infiltrate

A

Allergic asthma

51
Q

ARDS may result from

A

pancreatitis, burns, septic shock, toxic drug reaction

52
Q

Which pulmonary feature distinguishes allergic vs non-allergic asthma

A

eosinophilic infiltrate

53
Q

Systemic miliary TB is related to

A

invasion of the pulmonary venous system

54
Q

Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia occurs in

A

ARDS

55
Q

Liver

A

dual blood supply

56
Q

Caroli’s Disease

A

Commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis

57
Q

von Meyenburg complex

A

Rarely malignant

58
Q

Gilbert’s Disease

A

Not fatal

59
Q

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

A

Not fatal

60
Q

alpha-1-antitrypsin

A

common cause of neonatal cholestasis

61
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Mutation deltaF508 regulates Chloride ion channel transport on Chromosome 7

62
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Autosomal recessive disorder

63
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Autosomal recessive disorder

64
Q

Alcoholic Liver Disease

A

20% of alcoholics develop cirrhosis

65
Q

autoimmune hepatitis

A

70% women

66
Q

Neonatal hepatitis

A

prognosis with surgery

67
Q

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

A

is not easily distinguished from alcoholic hepatitis

68
Q

Echinococcal cyst

A

Common cause of hepatic cysts worldwide

69
Q

Hepatitis A

A

NOT associated with massive hepatic necrosis and acute liver failure

70
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Lifetime risk for hepatocellular carcinoma is low for men and women

71
Q

hepatitis testing

A

HBsAG IgM is the FIRST marker to go up in the window period

72
Q

Autoimmune Cholangitis

A

associated with IgG4

73
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Rapid/Severe course

74
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

NOT AN Indolent course managed effectively with medication

75
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

HIGH mortality for acute disease

76
Q

T1

A

solitary tumor without vascular invasion

77
Q

T2

A

solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors, none > 5cm

78
Q

T3

A

multiple tumors > 5cm, or tumor(s) of any size involving a major branch of the hepatic or portal vein

79
Q

T4

A

tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum

PATHOLOGY (18 decks)

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