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PATHOLOGY > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Multinucleated giant cells residing in Howship lacunae

A

Osteoclasts

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2
Q

Backbone of bone matrix is made up of

A

type I collagen

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3
Q

Woven bone

A

Collagen is deposited randomly (fetus, growth plates)

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4
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Collagen is deposited in an orderly fashion

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5
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

deficiency in synthesis of type I collagen

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6
Q

blue sclera, small misshapen yellow teeth, deafness

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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7
Q

Type I (Osteogenesis Imperfecta Tarda)

A

acquired mutation, mild

most common form, fractures in early childhood, XR shows old Fx

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8
Q

Type II (Osteogenesis Imperfecta Congenita)

A

rare inherited, Fx & bone malformations at birth

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9
Q

Death in osteoporosis pt is likely d/t

A

pneumonia and PE

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10
Q

Osteoporosis

A

imbalance between bone resportion and formation ↑porosity of bones

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11
Q

2 Types of Osteoporosis

A

age-related (low osteoblast Fx)

postmenopausal (high osteoclast Fx)

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12
Q

Osteoporosis S/S

A

fractures of the distal forearm, vertebrae or proximal femur, compression microfractures, lumbar lordosis, kyphoscoliosis

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13
Q

Osteoporosis Histology

A

excessive but proportional reduction in both mineral and matrix phases of bone

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14
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

osteoclast dysfunction and diffuse skeletal sclerosis

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15
Q

Osteopetrosis defect

A

defect in carbonic anhydrase II –> blocked matrix solubilization and resorption

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16
Q

Erlenmeyer flask deformity

A

Osteopetrosis

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17
Q

Malignant Osteopetrosis S/S

A

HSM d/t extramedullary hematopoiesis, mild cranial nerve deficits

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18
Q

Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans)

A

hereditary disease of osteoclast dysfunction and matrix madness (high osteoclast Fx -> burn-out -> high osteoblast Fx)

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19
Q

Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) cause

A

fifth decade, may be d/t paramyxoviruses

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20
Q

Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) affects

A

long bones, pelvis, spine, skull, with bone becoming thick, soft, and porous

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21
Q

Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) Histology

A

mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

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22
Q

thick porous skull

A

Paget Disease

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23
Q

Paget Disease

A

Leonine facies (leontiasis ossea), skull invagination (platybasia), and femur bowing

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24
Q

Increased hat size

A

Paget Disease

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25
Q

Paget Disease bone findings

A

light, soft, porous, ossified, sclerotic bone

26
Q

Paget Disease

A

increased risk for osteosarcoma

27
Q

Rickets & Osteomalacia

A

vitamin D deficiency or disturbance in Vit D metabolism

28
Q

rosary bead formation at costochondral jxn

A

Rickets

29
Q

Long standing hyperparathyroidism can lead to

A

osteitis fibrosa cystica

30
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

ischemia → infarction of bone and marrow

31
Q

Causes of Osteonecrosis

A

fracture, thrombosis, embolism, blood vessel injury, ↑intraosseous pressure

32
Q

Medullary infarcts

A

infarcts of cancellous bone and marrow, but NOT cortex (SILENT)

33
Q

Subchondral infarcts

A

involve bony plates and epiphysis, but spare the cartilage

34
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

hematogenous spread, majority of cases are d/t S. aureus

35
Q

Osteomyelitis IN A SICKLE CELL pt

A

Salmonella

36
Q

Osteomyelitis Histology

A

Bone fragment becomes devitalized and necrotic (sequestrum) + sleeve of reactive bone at periphery (involucrum)

37
Q

Tuberculous osteomyelitis often involves

A

thoracic/lumbar spine (Pott’s disease)

38
Q

Tuberculous osteomyelitis

A

miliary TB

39
Q

Osteoma

A

benign bone tumor, face, Gardner Syndrome

40
Q

Osteoid Osteoma S/S

A

painful tumors, release PGE2, pain relieved by aspirin

41
Q

Osteoid Osteoma Histo

A

radiolucent nidus surrounded by densely sclerotic bone

42
Q

Osteoid Osteoma affects

A

femur & tibia

43
Q

Osteoblastoma S/S

A

dull, achy pain that does NOT respond to salicylates

44
Q

most common PRIMARY malignancy of bone

A

Osteosarcoma

45
Q

most osteosarcomas arise in

A

long bones (near knee)

46
Q

Osteosarcoma genetic link

A

associated with p53 and RB mutations

47
Q

Osetochondroma

A

cartilage capped outgrowth near epiphyseal growth plate of long tubular bones

48
Q

Chondroma

A

benign hamartomatous tumors composed of hyaline cartilage

49
Q

Ollier disease

A

multiple endochondromas

50
Q

Chondroma typically affect

A

females, occur in 3rd-4th decade of life, metaphyses

51
Q

Fibrous Cortical Defect and Non-ossifying Fibroma

A

extremely common congenital defects in up to 50% of children older than age 2, b/l, multiple, most spontaneously regress

52
Q

Fibrous Cortical Defect and Non-ossifying Fibroma Histo

A

fibroblasts in pinwheel pattern

53
Q

Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Histo

A

malignant fibroblasts in “herringbone” pattern

54
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

highly malignant small round cell tumor, neural origin

55
Q

McCune Albright Syndrome

A

Fibrous Dysplasia

56
Q

Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastomas)

A

“soap bubble” appearance, aggressive benign, epiphyseal

57
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

develop in athletic young adult in high contact sport following trauma; usually found in subcutis or muscle of proximal extremity

58
Q

Dupuytren contracture

A

palmar fibromatosis

59
Q

Peyronie disease

A

Penile fibromatosis

60
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

most common variant is embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

PATHOLOGY (18 decks)

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