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PATHOLOGY > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency

A

Hereditary Edema (C1 complement activates pathway)

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2
Q

C3 Deficiency

A

Recurrent pyogenic URI & Sinusitis infections; Increased type III HSN

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3
Q

C5-C9 Deficiency

A

Neisseria infections

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4
Q

DAF Deficiency

A

complement-mediated RBC lysis –> paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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5
Q

IL-1

A

fever

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6
Q

IL-2

A

T cell activation

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7
Q

IL-3

A

Bone Marrow Activation

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8
Q

IL-4

A

IgE

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9
Q

IL-5

A

IgA & eosinophil differentiation

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10
Q

IL-6

A

fever & acute phase proteins

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11
Q

IL-8

A

Neutrophil chemotaxis

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12
Q

IL-10

A

Inhibits inflammation

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13
Q

TNF-alpha

A

septic shock mediator

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14
Q

TNF-beta

A

Inhibits inflammation

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15
Q

INF-alpha & -beta

A

produced by virus-infected cells –> prime uninfected cells –> if infection occurs viral dsRNA will trigger RNase L & protein kinase –> degradation of viral/host mRNA & protein synthesis inhibition –> Apoptosis

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16
Q

Cell surface proteins on B-cells

A

CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC-II, B7

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17
Q

Cell surface proteins on T cells

A

TCR, CD3, CD28 (binds B7)

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18
Q

Cell surface proteins on Helper T cells

A

CD4, CD40

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19
Q

Cell surface proteins on Cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8

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20
Q

Cell surface proteins on Macrophages

A

CD14, CD40, MHC-II, B7, Fc, C3b

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21
Q

Cell surface proteins on NK cells

A

CD16, CD56

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22
Q

Type I HSN

A

Ag binds IgE-mast cell & basophil –> histamine release

Delayed response —> AA derivatives (Leukotriene)

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23
Q

Type II HSN

A

IgM, IgG bind fixed Ag –> Opsonization & Phagocytosis or Complement-Mediated Lysis or ADCC

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24
Q

Direct Coombs

A

detects Ab already bound to RBC

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25
Q

Indirect Coombs

A

detects free Ab

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26
Q

Type II HSN

A

IC deposition (IgG-Ag) in tissues activating complement

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27
Q

Serum Sickness

A

type III HSN –> IC deposition in tissue –> complement activation –> Arthus reaction

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28
Q

Arthus reaction

A

edema, necrosis, complement d/t type III HSN

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29
Q

Type IV HSN

A

delayed T-cell-mediated type –> Tcells bind Ag –> lymphokine release –> macrophage activation

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30
Q

Transplant rejections HSN reaction

A

Type IV

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31
Q

TB skin test HSN reaction

A

Type IV

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32
Q

Contact Dermatitis HSN reaction

A

Type IV

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33
Q

Hyperacute Transplantation Rejection

A

immediate d/t pre-existing recipient Abs react to donor Ag (type II)

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34
Q

Features of Hyperacute Transplantation Rejection

A

thrombosis –> ischemia & necrosis (remove graft)

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35
Q

Acute Transplantation Rejection

A

Cellular (CTLs attack donor MHC) & Humoral (Abs produced against donor tissue) CD4 & 8

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36
Q

ANA

A

SLE, Sjogren Syndrome, non-specific

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37
Q

Anti-dsDNA Ab

A

SLE

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38
Q

Anti-Smith Ab

A

SLE

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39
Q

Antiphospholipid Ab

A

SLE

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40
Q

Anticardiolipin Ab

A

SLE & used for testing for Syphilis (False +)

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41
Q

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

A

high levels of antiphospholipid Ab cause a hypercoaguable state –> thrombosis, stroke

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42
Q

Antihistone Ab

A

Drug-induced Lupus

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43
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

RA, Sjogren Syndrome

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44
Q

anti-SSA & anti-SSB

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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45
Q

Anti-ribonucleoprotein Ab

A

Sjogren Syndrome

46
Q

CREST Syndrome (limited Scleroderma)

A

Calcinosis, Raynauds, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasias

47
Q

anti-Centromere Ab

A

CREST Syndrome (limited Scleroderma)

48
Q

Acute Transplantation Rejection Features

A

Vasculitis, dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates (immunosuppressives)

49
Q

Chronic Transplantation Rejection

A

T-cells perceive donor MHC as self & attack donor Ags presented

50
Q

Chronic Transplantation Rejection Features

A

Fibrosis, Irreversible

51
Q

Diffuse Scleroderma Features

A

Raynauds, Esophageal dysmotility, Lung involvement, Renal involvement

52
Q

Anti-DNA Topoisomerase I

A

Diffuse Scleroderma

53
Q

Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein

A

Mixed connective tissue disorder

54
Q

Autoantibody Anti-ACh receptor

A

Mysthenia Gravis

55
Q

Autoantibody Anti-basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

56
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Cardiolipin

A

SLE

57
Q

Autoantibody Anti-centromere

A

CREST Syndrome (limited Scleroderma)

58
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Desmoglein

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

59
Q

Autoantibody Anti-dsDNA

A

SLE

60
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Smith

A

SLE

61
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Glutamate Decarboxylase

A

DM type I

62
Q

Autoantibody Anti-hemidesmosomes

A

Bullous pemphigus

63
Q

Autoantibody Anti-histone

A

drug-induced lupus

64
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Jo-1 (Anti-histidyl-tRNA)

A

Polymyositis

65
Q

Autoantibody Anti-SRP

A

Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis

66
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Mi-2

A

Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis

67
Q

Autoantibody Anti-microsomal

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

68
Q

Autoantibody Anti-thyroglobulin

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

69
Q

Autoantibody Anti-mitochondrial

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

70
Q

Autoantibody Anti-nuclear

A

SLE, non-specific

71
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Scl-70 (DNA topoisomerase 1)

A

Scleroderma (diffuse)

72
Q

Autoantibody Anti-smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune Hepatitis

73
Q

Autoantibody Anti-SSA/SSB

A

Sjogrens Syndrome

74
Q

Autoantibody Anti-Ro & Anti-La

A

Sjogrens Syndrome

75
Q

Autoantibody Anti-TSH receptor

A

Graves Disease

76
Q

Autoantibody Anti-UI ribonucleotide

A

Mixed CT disease

77
Q

Autoantibody c-ANCA

A

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)

78
Q

Autoantibody p-ANCA

A

Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome

79
Q

Autoantibody Rheumatoid Factor

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

80
Q

Autoantibody Anti-CCP

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

81
Q

IgA antiendomysial

A

Celiac Disease

82
Q

Goodpasture’s Disease is a Type _____ HSN

A

type II

83
Q

SLE is a Type _____ HSN

A

type III

84
Q

SLE genetic susceptibility

A

HLA-DR2/3

85
Q

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia defect

A

BTK defect (Bruton Tyrosine kinase)

86
Q

Acute GVHD

A

CD8 & cytokines

87
Q

Chronic GVHD

A

CD4 & cytokines

88
Q

speckled ANA

A

Mixed CT disease

89
Q

Tacrolimus

A

transplant rejection prophylactic (FK506) to reduce T cell activation med by IL-2

90
Q

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

A

defect in Bcell differentiation (low # plasma cells, low Ig)

91
Q

Selective IgA Deficiency

A

Most common; low IgA, normal IgG & IgM

92
Q

Hyper IgM Syndrome

A

Class switching defect -> Th fxn reduced (X-linked, defective CD40L)

93
Q

Hyper IgM Syndrome defect

A

CD40L on Th cells

94
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

22q11 deletion —> athymic (T-cell deficiency), absent parathyroid (hypocalcemia), ToF, TA

95
Q

2 causes of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

defective IL-2R gamma chain (X-linked)

Deficient Adenosine Deaminase (AR)

96
Q

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

low # T-cells (infants w/ candida, diarrhea, viral, bacterial)

97
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich defect

A

mutation in WAS gene (X-linked) -> inability to reorganize actin cytoskeleton

98
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Sx

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura, eczema, recurrent infection

99
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Labs

A

low IgG, IgM

High IgE, IgA

100
Q

Chediak-Higaski

A

Defect in lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST) -> MT dysfunction

101
Q

Chediak-Higaski Sx

A

pyogenic infections, albinism, lymphohistiocytosis

102
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

deficient in NADPH oxidase = infxn w/catalase positive S. aureus, Candida, Aspergillus

103
Q

Amyloidosis

A

Congo red stain showing apple-green biferengence

104
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

proliferation of plasma cells –> amyloidosis d/t free light chain deposition in tissues

105
Q

ALL defect

A

Tyrosine kinase mutations (BCR-ABL), transcription factor mutations (PML, MML)

106
Q

ALL Sx

A

depression of BM fxn – anemia, infection, bleeding

107
Q

AML Stain

A

MPO+

108
Q

ALL Stain

A

PAS+

109
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

lymphocytosis > 4000 (CLL)

110
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Markers

A

IgM & IgD, CD19, 20, 5

111
Q

Reed Sternberg Cell

A

Hodgkin

112
Q

Popcorn cell

A

Reed-Steinburg cell variant - lymphohistiocyte CD20

PATHOLOGY (18 decks)

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