Respiratory Flashcards
What color is air on x-ray?
Black, radiolucent
What is the difference between a carotid body and a carotid sinus?
Carotid body: chemoreceptor
Carotid sinus: baroreceptor
What color is fluid /solid on x-ray?
White, radiopaque
What disease has steeple sign on x-ray?
Croup (measles)
What disease has the thumb sign on x-ray?
Epiglottitis
What is a blue bloater?
Bronchitis
What is a pink puffer?
Emphysema
What diseases have pulmonary eosinophilia?
Aspergillosis, Strongyloides
What drugs cause pulmonary eosinophilia?
Nitrofurantoin, Sulfonamides
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking, Radon, 2nd hand smoke, pneumoconiosis (except anthracosis).
What diseases have hemoptsysis?
Bronchiectasis, bronchitis, pneumonia, TB, lung cancer
Where is Bokdalek hernia?
Back of the diaphragm
Where is a Morgagni hernia?
Middle of the diaphragm
What diseases have respiratory alkalosis?
Restrictive lung diseases ( anxiety, pregnancy, Gram - sepsis, PE)
What diseases have respiratory acidosis?
Obstructive lung diseases
What diseases have metabolic alkalosis?
Low volume state (vomiting, diuretics, GI blood loss).
What diseases have metabolic acidosis?
Acid production (MUDPILES, RTA II, diarrhea)
What does stridor tell you?
Extrathoracic narrowing=> narrows when breathes in=>neck x-ray.
What does wheezing tell you?
Intrathoracic narrowing=>narrows when breathe out=> chest x-ray
What does ronchi tell you?
Muchus in the airway=>obstructive lung disease
What does grunting tell you?
Blows collapsed alveoli open=>restrictive lung disease
What does dull percussion tell you?
Something between the airspace and chest wall absorbing sound (fuid or solid)
What does hyperresonance tell you?
Air in the lungs
What does tracheal devaition tell you?
Away from pneumothorax or toward atelectasis “airphobia”
What does fremitus, egophony, and brochophony tell you?
Consolidation =>pathognomonic for pneumonia
What is restrictive lung disease?
Small sriff lungs, trouble breathing in
What is obstructive lung disease?
Big mucus filled lungs, trouble breathing out
What is epiglottitis?
X-ray thumb sign, drooling
What is croup?
X-ray steeple sign, barking cough
What is tracheitis?
Look toxic, grey pseudomembrane, leukocytosis
What is asthma?
Wheeze in expiration, IgE, eosinphils
What is bronchiolitis?
Asthma in kids <2 y/o.
What is sinusitis?
Teeth pain worse with bending forward
What is bronchectasis?
Bad breath, purulent sputum, hemoptysis
What is bronchitis?
Lots of sputum, blues bloater
What is emphysema?
Restrictive to obstructive pattern, pink puffer
What is laryngomalacia?
Epiglittis roll from side to side
What is pneumonia?
Consolidation of airway
What is pneumothorax?
Decreased breaht sounds on one side
How do you detect a pulmonary embolus?
Tachypnea, increased V/Q scan, EKG:S1, Q3,T3.
What is a tamponade?
Decreased breath sounds /BP; increased JVD
What is trachomalacia?
Soft cartilage, stridor since birth
What is cystic fibrosis?
Meconium ileus, steatorrhea, bronchiectasis
What is Aspergillosis?
Allergy to mold, dead plants, compost piles
What is Asbestosis?
Shipyard worker, pipe fitters, brake mechanics, insulation install
What is Silicosis?
Sandblasters, glassblowers
What is Byssioniosis?
Cotton workers, chest tightness
What is Beryliosis?
Radio, Tv welders
What is antracosis?
Coal workers, massive fibrosis
What is sarcoidosis?
Non-caseating granulomas, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes
What is carcinoid syndrome?
Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea
What is small cell carcinoma?
At carina, malignant, Cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome
What is large cell carcinoma?
Large stuff
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Smoker, high PTH, high Ca2+
What is bronchoalveolar carcinoma?
Looks like pneumonia, due to pneumoconiosis.
