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PPClues > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What disease has a corkscrew x-ray?

A

Esophageal spasm

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2
Q

What disease has an apple core x-ray?

A

Cancer

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3
Q

What disease has a stacked coin x-ray?

A

Intussuseption

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4
Q

What disease has a thumbprint x-ray?

A

Toxic megacolon

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5
Q

What disease has an abrupt cutt off x-ray?

A

Volvulous

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6
Q

What disease has a barium clumping x-ray?

A

Celiac sprue

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7
Q

What disease has a bird’s beak appearance?

A

Achalasia

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8
Q

What disease has a string sign x-ray?

A

Pyloric stenosis

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9
Q

What disease has a sold dysphagia?

A

Schatzki’s rings, strictures and cancer

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10
Q

What disease has solid and liquid dysphagia?

A

Esophageal spasm, scleroderma, achalasia

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11
Q

What is Barrett’s esophagus?

A

Metaplasia, increase adenocarcinoma risk

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12
Q

What are esophageal varices?

A

Vomit blood everywhere, portal HTN

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13
Q

What is Mallory Weiss?

A

Tear the LES mucosa, chronic vomiters

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14
Q

What is Boerhaave’s?

A

Tear all layers of the esophagus, left sided pneumo/pain/effusion

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15
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Loss of LES Auerbach’s, no meconium passage.

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16
Q

What is Hirschprung?

A

Loss rectum Auerbach, no meconium passage.

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17
Q

What is Zencker’s diverticulum?

A

Cough undigested food from above UES, halitosis.

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18
Q

What is traction diverticulum?

A

Eat big bolus, gets stuck above the LES.

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19
Q

What is Plummer Vinson syndrome?

A

Esophageal webs, spoon nails, Fe deficiency anemia.

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20
Q

What are Schatzki rings?

A

Esophageal webs in the lower esophagus.

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21
Q

What is a TE fistula?

A

Choke w each feeding.

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22
Q

What is an esophageal atresia w/ a TE fistula?

A

Vomit w/ first feeding, huge gastric bubble.

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23
Q

What is a duodenal atresia?

A

Bilious vomiting w/ 1st feeding, double bubble, Down’s

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24
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Projectile vomiting (3-4 wks old), RUQ olive mass.

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25
Q

How does choanal atresia present?

A

Turns blue w feeding.

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26
Q

How does the Tetralogy of Fallot presentation differ?

A

Turns blue w crying.

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27
Q

What makes Scleroderma unique?

A

Decrease LES pressure.

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28
Q

What makes esophageal spasm unique?

A

Increase peristalsis

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29
Q

What makes achalasia unique?

A

Decrease peristalsis and increase LES pressure.

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30
Q

What disease has a RUQ olive mass?

A

Pyloric stenosis

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31
Q

What disease has a RLQ sausage mass?

A

Intussuseption

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32
Q

What is a Bezoar?

A

Mass of hair or vegetables=> antrum obstruction

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33
Q

What is gastritis type A?

A

Upper GI bleed, anti Perietal cell-Ab.

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34
Q

What is Gastritis type B?

A

Upper GI bleed, spicy foods, H.pylori.

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35
Q

What is duodenal ulcer?

A

Too much acid: pain after meal/at night, type O blood, H.pylori, pan relieved by eating.

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36
Q

What is a gastric ulcer?

A

Broken mucus layer: pian during meal, NSAID’s, type A blood.

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37
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Fundus slides to the esophageal hiatus to the thorax=> suck acid into the thorax

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38
Q

What is rolling hiatal hernia?

A

Fundus stick through hole in the diaphragm, strangulates bowel

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39
Q

What is Menetrier’s disease?

A

Protein losing, thick stomach rugal folds

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40
Q

What defines constipation?

A

< 3 BM per week

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41
Q

What defines diarrhea?

A

> 200g per day

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42
Q

What is osmotic diarrhea?

43
Q

What is secretory diarrhea?

A

Laxative use

44
Q

What is inflammatory diarrhea?

A

Blood, pus

45
Q

What is celiac sprue?

A

Jejunum, wheat allergy, villous atrophy, anti-gliadian Ab, anti endomesyal Ab, anti reticulin Ab.

46
Q

What is tropical sprue?

A

Ileum celiac sprue

47
Q

What is mesenteric ischemia?

A

Pain out of proportion to exam.

48
Q

What bugs cause bloody diarrhea?

A 
"CASES"
Campylobacter
Amoeba
Shigella
E. coli
Salmonella
49
Q

What is difference b/w 1ry Biliary Cirrhosis and Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A

1ry Biliary Cirrhosis: anti-mitochondrial Ab, bile ductules destroyed, xanthelesma.

1ry Sclerosing Cholangitis: p-ANCA Ab, bile duct inflammation, beading, onion skinning, associated w/ UC.

50
Q

What is Ascending cholangitis?

A

Common duct stone gets infected.

51
Q

What are the signs of alcoholic cirrhosis?

A

Spider angioma, palmar erythema, Dupuytren’s contractions, gynecomastia

52
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Pts w/ liver disease build up liver toxins that cause renal failure.

53
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of bile duct => Charcot’s triad, Reynaud’s pentad

54
Q

What is cholescystitis?

A

Infammation of the gallbladder=> Murphy’s sign

55
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

Formation of gallstones=> RUQ colic

56
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Gallstone obstructs the bile duct

57
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

Obstruction of bile duct, => pruritus, increase alkaline phosphatase, jaundice.

58
Q

What is conjugated bilirubin?

A

Water soluble, direct

59
Q

What is unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Fat soluble, indirect

60
Q

What is the most common type of gallstone?

A

Cholesterol (can’t see on x-ray)

61
Q

What type of gallstone can be seen on x-ray?

A

Ca-bilirubinate

62
Q

What is a xanthoma?

A

Cholesterol buildup (elbow or achilles)

63
Q

What is a xanthelesma?

A

Triglyceride buildup, under the eye

64
Q

What does high cholesterol cause?

A

Atherosclerosis

65
Q

What do high triglycerides cause?

A

Pancreatitis

66
Q

What is type I hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad liver LL (CM)

67
Q

What is type 2A hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad LDL or B-100 receptor: trapped in the ER (LDL only)

68
Q

What is type 2B hyperlipidemia?

A

Less LDL/VLDL receptors (LDL/VLDL)

69
Q

What is type 3 hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad Apo E (IDL/VLDL)

70
Q

What is type 4 hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad adipose LL (VLDL only)

71
Q

What is type 5 hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad C2 (VLDL/CM) b/c C2 stimulates LL

72
Q

What is Criggler Najjar?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin, usually in infants

73
Q

What is Gilbert syndrome?

A

Glucoronyl transferase in saturated=> stress unconjugated bilirubin

74
Q

What is Rotor’s?

A

Bad bilirubin storage: conjugated bilirubin

75
Q

What is Dubin Johnson?

A

Bad bilirubin excretion=> black liver

76
Q

What is Cullen sign?

A

Bleed around the umbilicus=> hemorrhagic pancreatitis

77
Q

What is Turne’s sign?

A

Bleed into flank=> hemorrhagic pancreatitis

78
Q

What tests are used for following pancretitis?

A

Amylase: sensitive, breaks down carbs
Lipase: specific, breaks down triglycerides

79
Q

What does Ranson’s criteria tell you?

A

Poor prognosisi for pancreatitis pts

80
Q

What is Ranson’s criteria at presentation?

A 
"WAGLA"
WBC > 16k: infection
Age > 55 (multiple comorbidities)
Gucose > 200 (islet cells are fried)
LDH > 350 (cell death)
AST > 250 (cell death)
81
Q

What is Ranson’s criteria at 48 hrs?

A

“BuCH SOB”
BUN > 5 mg (decrease renal blood flow)
Ca < 8 mg (saponification)
Hct drops > 10% (bleed into pancreas)
Sequester > 6L fluid=> 3rd spacing
pO2: < 60 mmHg (fluid/protein leak=> ARDS)
Base deficit > 4 (diarrhea=> pancreatic enzymes are dead)

82
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome?

A

Diarrhea, flushing and wheezing

83
Q

What produces currant jelly sputum?

A

Klebsiella

84
Q

What currant jelly stool?

A

Intussuseption

85
Q

What is Gardener’s syndrome?

A

Familial polyposis w/ bone tumors

86
Q

What is Turcot’s syndrome?

A

Familial polyposis w/ brain tumors

87
Q

What is familial polyposis?

A

100% risk of colon cancer, APC defect, => annual colonoscopy at 5 y.o.

88
Q

What is Peutz-Jagher syndrome?

A

Hyperpigmented mucosa=> dark gums and vagina

89
Q

What is Crohn’s?

A

IBD w/ cobblestones, melena creeping fat and fistulas.

90
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

IBD w/ pseudoolyps, hematochezia, lead pipe colon, toxic megacolon

91
Q

What is intussuseption?

A

Currant jelly stool, stacked coin enema, sx come and go.

92
Q

What does diverticulosis present?

93
Q

What does diverticulitis presents?

94
Q

How does spastic colon present?

A

Intermittent severe cramps?

95
Q

How does IBS present?

A

Alternating diarrhea/contipation

96
Q

How does external hemorrhoids presents?

97
Q

How does internal hemorrhoids presents?

98
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Overgrowth od C. difficile due to normal flora being killed off, usually by Clindamycin use

99
Q

What Whipple’s disease?

A

T. whipplei destroys GI tract, then spreads, causing malabsorption, atrhralgia

100
Q

What color in an upper GI bleed?

101
Q

What color is lower GI bleed?

102
Q

What adds color to stool?

103
Q

What is the default color of stool?

A

Clay-color

104
Q

What is the default color of urine?

PPClues (8 decks)

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