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Renal Flashcards

0
Q

What is Goldblatt’s kidey?

A

Flea bitten kidney ( blown capillaries)

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1
Q

Which part of the nephron concentrates urine?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

What is uremia?

A

Azotemia + symptoms

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3
Q

What is azotemia?

A

Increased BUN/Cr

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4
Q

What is nephritic kidney disease?

A

Increased size of fenestrations => vascilitis

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5
Q

What is nephrotic kidney disease?

A

Lost of BM charge due to deposition of heparin sulphate => massive proteinuria and lipiduria

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6
Q

What is seen in RPGN?

A

Crescents

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7
Q

What is post-strep GN?

A

Subepithelial IgG, C3, C4 deposition. Also Ab.

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8
Q

What is interstitial nephritis?

A

Urine eosinophils

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9
Q

What is lupus nephritis?

A

Subepithelial

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10
Q

What is MGN?

A

Deposition

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11
Q

What is MPGN?

A

Tram track appearance ( type II has C3)

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12
Q

What is. Minina Change Disease?

A

Kids, fused foot proscesses, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier

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13
Q

Whats is FSGN?

A

AA, HIV pts.

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14
Q

What are the vasculitis w/ low C3?

A 
PMS in Salt Lake City
Poststrep GN
MPGN Type II
SBE
Serum sickness
Lupus
Cryoglobulinemia
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15
Q

What are the most common cause of kidney stones?

A

Dehydration

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16
Q

What are the most common types of kidney stones?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

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17
Q

What type of kidney stones have coffin lid appearance?

A

Triple phosphate

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18
Q

What type of kidney stones have hexagonal crystals?

A

Cystine

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19
Q

What type of kidney stone have envelope or dumbell shape?

A

Oxalate

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20
Q

What disease has aniridia?

A

Wilm’s tumor

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21
Q

What disease has iridiocyclitis?

A

Juvenile rheumatic arthritis

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22
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at the penis head ( ventral part)

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23
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Forerskin of the penis scarred a the base (retraction of foreskin=> strangulate penis)

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24
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Urgency leads to complete voiding (detrussor spasticity=>small bladder vol)

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25
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Weak oelvic floor muscles (estrogen effect)

26
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

A

Runs down the leg but can’t completely empty bladder

27
Q

What structures have a one way valve?

A

Urethra, ejaculatory duct

28
Q

What structures have fake sphincters?

A

Ureters, LES, ileocecal valve

29
Q

What has WBC casts?

30
Q

What has WBC casts only?

A

Pyelonephritis (sepsis)

31
Q

What has WBC casts + eosinphils?

A

Interstitial nephritis (allergies)

32
Q

What has WBC casts + RBC casts?

A

Glomerulonephritis

33
Q

What has fat casts?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

What has waxy casts?

A

Chronic renal failure

35
Q

What has tubular casts?

36
Q

What has muddy brown casts?

37
Q

What has hyline casts?

A

Normal sloughing

38
Q

What has epithelial casts?

A

Normal sloughing

39
Q

What has crescents?

A

RPGN (goodpasture, Wegener’s)

40
Q

How do you measure afferent renal function?

A

Creatinine or Inulin

41
Q

How do measure efferent renal function?

A

BUN or PAH

42
Q

What is the afferent arteriole’s job?

43
Q

What is the efferent arteriole’s job?

44
Q

How do you test afferent arteriole function?

45
Q

How do you test efferent arteriole function?

46
Q

What is pre renal failure?

A

Low flow to the kidney (BUN:Cr >20)

47
Q

What is the job of the proximal tubule?

A

Reabsorb Glucose, amino acids, salts, bicarb

48
Q

What is the job of the thin ascending limb?

A

Reabsorbs water

49
Q

What is the job of the thick ascending limb?

A

Make the concentration gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, without water

50
Q

What is the job of the early distal tubule?

A

Cancentate urine by reabsorbing NaCl (hypotonic)

51
Q

What is the job of the late distal tubule?

A

Final concentation of urine by reabsorbing water, excretion of acid (isotonic)

52
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A

Measure osmolarity

53
Q

What does the JG apparatus do?

A

Measures volume

54
Q

What is Fanconi syndrome?

A

Old tetracycline use, urine phosphate, glucose, amino acids

55
Q

What is Bartter’s syndrome?

A

Baby w/ defective triple transporter (low Na, Cl, K, w/ normal BP)

56
Q

What is psychogenic polydipsia?

A

No concentrating ability=> cerebral edema

57
Q

What is hepatorenal sydrome?

A

High urea from liver => increase glutaminase=>NH4 =>GABA=>kidney stops working

58
Q

What is type I RTA?

A

Distal renal tubule acidosis: H/K in CD is broken=>high urine pH (UTI, stones, Li)

59
Q

What is type II RTA?

A

Proximal RTA: bad CA=> lose all the bicarb=> low urine pH (multiple myeloma)

60
Q

What is type 3 RTA?

A

RTA I + II=> normal urine pH (5-6)

61
Q

What is type 4 RTA?

A

Infarct JG=> no renin=> no Aldo=>high K=> DM, NSAIDS, ACE-I, heparin)

62
Q

What is central pontine myelinosis?

A

Due to correctin Na faster than 0.5 mEq/hr.

PPClues (8 decks)

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