Renal

Question 0

What is Goldblatt’s kidey?

Answer 0

Flea bitten kidney ( blown capillaries)

Question 1

Which part of the nephron concentrates urine?

Answer 1

Medulla

Question 2

What is uremia?

Answer 2

Azotemia + symptoms

Question 3

What is azotemia?

Answer 3

Increased BUN/Cr

Question 4

What is nephritic kidney disease?

Answer 4

Increased size of fenestrations => vascilitis

Question 5

What is nephrotic kidney disease?

Answer 5

Lost of BM charge due to deposition of heparin sulphate => massive proteinuria and lipiduria

Question 6

What is seen in RPGN?

Answer 6

Crescents

Question 7

What is post-strep GN?

Answer 7

Subepithelial IgG, C3, C4 deposition. Also Ab.

Question 8

What is interstitial nephritis?

Answer 8

Urine eosinophils

Question 9

What is lupus nephritis?

Answer 9

Subepithelial

Question 10

What is MGN?

Answer 10

Deposition

Question 11

What is MPGN?

Answer 11

Tram track appearance ( type II has C3)

Question 12

What is. Minina Change Disease?

Answer 12

Kids, fused foot proscesses, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier

Question 13

Whats is FSGN?

Answer 13

AA, HIV pts.

Question 14

What are the vasculitis w/ low C3?

Answer 14

PMS in Salt Lake City
Poststrep GN
MPGN Type II
SBE
Serum sickness
Lupus
Cryoglobulinemia

Question 15

What are the most common cause of kidney stones?

Answer 15

Dehydration

Question 16

What are the most common types of kidney stones?

Answer 16

Calcium pyrophosphate

Question 17

What type of kidney stones have coffin lid appearance?

Answer 17

Triple phosphate

Question 18

What type of kidney stones have hexagonal crystals?

Answer 18

Cystine

Question 19

What type of kidney stone have envelope or dumbell shape?

Answer 19

Oxalate

Question 20

What disease has aniridia?

Answer 20

Wilm’s tumor

Question 21

What disease has iridiocyclitis?

Answer 21

Juvenile rheumatic arthritis

Question 22

What is phimosis?

Answer 22

Foreskin scarred at the penis head ( ventral part)

Question 23

What is paraphimosis?

Answer 23

Forerskin of the penis scarred a the base (retraction of foreskin=> strangulate penis)

Question 24

What is urge incontinence?

Answer 24

Urgency leads to complete voiding (detrussor spasticity=>small bladder vol)

Question 25

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 25

Weak oelvic floor muscles (estrogen effect)

Question 26

What is overflow incontinence?

Answer 26

Runs down the leg but can't completely empty bladder

Question 27

What structures have a one way valve?

Answer 27

Urethra, ejaculatory duct

Question 28

What structures have fake sphincters?

Answer 28

Ureters, LES, ileocecal valve

Question 29

What has WBC casts?

Answer 29

Nephritis

Question 30

What has WBC casts only?

Answer 30

Pyelonephritis (sepsis)

Question 31

What has WBC casts + eosinphils?

Answer 31

Interstitial nephritis (allergies)

Question 32

What has WBC casts + RBC casts?

Answer 32

Glomerulonephritis

Question 33

What has fat casts?

Answer 33

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 34

What has waxy casts?

Answer 34

Chronic renal failure

Question 35

What has tubular casts?

Answer 35

ATN

Question 36

What has muddy brown casts?

Answer 36

ATN

Question 37

What has hyline casts?

Answer 37

Normal sloughing

Question 38

What has epithelial casts?

Answer 38

Normal sloughing

Question 39

What has crescents?

Answer 39

RPGN (goodpasture, Wegener's)

Question 40

How do you measure afferent renal function?

Answer 40

Creatinine or Inulin

Question 41

How do measure efferent renal function?

Answer 41

BUN or PAH

Question 42

What is the afferent arteriole's job?

Answer 42

Filter

Question 43

What is the efferent arteriole's job?

Answer 43

Secrete

Question 44

How do you test afferent arteriole function?

Answer 44

GFR

Question 45

How do you test efferent arteriole function?

Answer 45

RPF

Question 46

What is pre renal failure?

Answer 46

Low flow to the kidney (BUN:Cr >20)

Question 47

What is the job of the proximal tubule?

Answer 47

Reabsorb Glucose, amino acids, salts, bicarb

Question 48

What is the job of the thin ascending limb?

Answer 48

Reabsorbs water

Question 49

What is the job of the thick ascending limb?

Answer 49

Make the concentration gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, without water

Question 50

What is the job of the early distal tubule?

Answer 50

Cancentate urine by reabsorbing NaCl (hypotonic)

Question 51

What is the job of the late distal tubule?

Answer 51

Final concentation of urine by reabsorbing water, excretion of acid (isotonic)

Question 52

What does the macula densa do?

Answer 52

Measure osmolarity

Question 53

What does the JG apparatus do?

Answer 53

Measures volume

Question 54

What is Fanconi syndrome?

Answer 54

Old tetracycline use, urine phosphate, glucose, amino acids

Question 55

What is Bartter's syndrome?

Answer 55

Baby w/ defective triple transporter (low Na, Cl, K, w/ normal BP)

Question 56

What is psychogenic polydipsia?

Answer 56

No concentrating ability=> cerebral edema

Question 57

What is hepatorenal sydrome?

Answer 57

High urea from liver => increase glutaminase=>NH4 =>GABA=>kidney stops working

Question 58

What is type I RTA?

Answer 58

Distal renal tubule acidosis: H/K in CD is broken=>high urine pH (UTI, stones, Li)

Question 59

What is type II RTA?

Answer 59

Proximal RTA: bad CA=> lose all the bicarb=> low urine pH (multiple myeloma)

Question 60

What is type 3 RTA?

Answer 60

RTA I + II=> normal urine pH (5-6)

Question 61

What is type 4 RTA?

Answer 61

Infarct JG=> no renin=> no Aldo=>high K=> DM, NSAIDS, ACE-I, heparin)

Question 62

What is central pontine myelinosis?

Answer 62

Due to correctin Na faster than 0.5 mEq/hr.