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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What organs have resistance in series?

A

Liver and kidney

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2
Q

What organs have resistance in prallel?

A

All the rest

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3
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-02 difference at rest?

A

Heart

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4
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference after exercise?

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference after a meal?

A

Gut

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6
Q

What organ has the greatest AV-O2 difference during a test?

A

Brain

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7
Q

What organ has the lowest AV-O2 difference?

A

Kidney

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8
Q

Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Ascending aorta (cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)

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9
Q

Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Descending aorta (occurs in trauma and atherosclerosis)

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10
Q

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima, media and adventitia.

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11
Q

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima and media

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12
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Systolic-Diastolic pressure

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13
Q

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

A

Aorta

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14
Q

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

What vessels have the largest cross-sectional area?

A

Capilaries

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16
Q

What vessel has the highest compliance?

A

Aorta

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17
Q

What vessels have the highest capacitance?

A

Veins and venules

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18
Q

What is your max heart rate?

A

220

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19
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Pain w exertion (atherosclerosis)- 70% occluded, subendocardial ischemia

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20
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Pain at rest (transient clots)- 90% occluded, transmural ischemia

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21
Q

What is Prinzemetal’s angina?

A

Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)

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22
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Stains Congo Red, Echo-apple green birefringence

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23
Q

What is Hemochromatosis?

A

Fe deposits in organs> Hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM. Prussian blue stain

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24
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Beck’s triad: distant heart sounds, JVD, hypotension. Pressure equalized in all 4 chambers, distant heart sounds, no pulse or BP, Kussmaul sign, pulsus paradoxus (decreases > 10mmHg w/inspiration.

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25
What is a transudate?
An effusion w/ mostly water. Too much water: Heart failure, renal failure. Not enough protein: Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out).
26
What is an exudate?
An effusion w mostly proteins. Too much protein: Purulent (bacteria), Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE), Fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB), granulomatous (non-bacterial).
27
What is systole?
Heart contract, decreases blood to the coronary arteries, more O2 extraction in the coronary vessels.
28
What is diastole?
Filling the heart, increases blood flow to the coronary arteries, less extraction of O2 in the coronaries.
29
What are the only arteries w deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary and umbilical arteries.
30
What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?
AR
31
What murmur has pulsus tardus?
AS
32
What cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans?
Dilated cardiomyopathy.
33
What disease has pulsus bigeminus?
IHSS
34
What murmur has a irregularly irregular pulse?
A fib
35
What murmur has irregularly regular pulse?
PVC
36
What sound radiates to the neck?
AS
37
What sound radiates to the axilla?
MR
38
What sound radiates to the back?
PS
39
What disease has a boot shaped x-ray?
Right ventricular hypertrophy.
40
What disease has a banana shaped x-ray?
IHSS
41
What disease has an egg shaped x-ray?
Transposition of the great vessels?
42
What disease has a snowman shaped x-ray?
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
43
What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?
Coarctation of the aorta.
44
What is Osler Webber Rendu?
AVM in lung, gut, CNS> sequester platelets>talengectasias.
45
What is Von Hippel Lindau?
AVM in retina, CNS> renal cell carcinoma risk
46
When do valves make noise?
When they close
47
What valves make noise during systole?
MR/TR, PS/AS
48
What are the holosystolic murmurs?
TR, MR and VSD
49
What are the systolic ejection murmurs?
AS, PS and HCM
50
What valves make noise during diastole?
MS/TS, PR/AR
51
What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?
AR and PR
52
What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?
MS and TS
53
What are the continuous murmurs?
PDA, AVM's.
54
What has a friction rub while breathing?
Pleuritis
55
What has a friction rub when holding breath?
Pericarditis
56
What does a mid-systolic click tell you?
Mitral valve prolapse
57
What does an ejection click tell you?
A/P Stenosis
58
What does an opening snap tell you?
M/T Stenosis
59
What does an S2 splitting tell you?
Normal on inspiration (Aortic closes before pulmonic)
60
What does wide S2 splitting tell you?
Increase O2, Increase RV vol, or delayed pulmonic valve opening.
61
What does a fixed wide S2 tell you?
ASD
62
What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?
AS, or left bundle branch block
63
What is cor pulmonale?
Pulmonary HTN> RV failure
64
What is Eisenmenger's?
Pulmonary HTN> Revers L-R to R-L.
65
What is transposition of the great arteries?
Aorticopulmonary septum, did not spiral.
66
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
1. VSD 2. RV hypertrophy 3. Overriding aorta 4. Pulmonary stenosis
67
What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?
All pulmonary veins to the right atrium. Snow man on x-ray.
68
What is truncus arteriosus?
Spiral membrane did not develop> one A/P trunk, mixed blood
69
What is Ebstein's anomaly?
Tricuspid prolapse, Moms Li increased
70
What can Li do to Mom?
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
71
What is Cinchonism?
Hearing loss, tinnitus and thrombocytopenia

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