Respiratory Flashcards
Where does gas exchange occur
Alveoli
Where is the apex and base of the lung
Apex - near clavicle
Base - rests on diaphragm
What is each lung divided into
Lobes and fissures
How many lobes does each lung have
Right - 3
Left - 2
What are the 2 main tasks of the respiratory system
External and internal respiration
Define external respiration
Exchanging air between body and outside environment
Define internal respiration
Bring oxygen to the cells and removes carbon dioxide from them
What are conchae
Lateral projections which increases surface area and air turbulence within nasal cavity
Functions of paranasal sinus
Lightens the skull
Produces mucus that drains into nasal cavity
What are the 3 areas of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the epiglottis
Superior opening of the larynx made of rigid cartilage, it routes food to the larynx and air to the trachea
What is pulmonary oedema
Excessive interstitial fluid in the alveoli
What is COPD
Airflow limitation due to airway abnormalities due to exposure of noxious particles or gases (toxins)
Demographic of COPD
Women
African Americans
Not reversible
SMOKERS
What is COPD composed of
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
What causes COPD
Smoking
Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
What is alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
Eats up elastin in the lung
What is emphysema
Irreversible enlargement of airspace distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of walls
What is chronic bronchitis
Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months and at least 2 consecutive years
Pathogenisis of chronic bronchitis
Hyperplasia of mucus glands
Mucus obstructs airways
Goblet cells increased = more mucus
Long standing inflammation = fibrosis of airways
What are blue bloaters
Chronic bronchitis
Overweight and cyanotic (blue skin)
Peripheral oedema
What are pink puffers
Emphysema - enlargement and destruction of airspace distal to terminal bronchioles
Older and thin
Severe dyspnea
What is asthma
Inflammatory airway disease characterised by reversible airway obstruction - reversible bronchoconstriction
Clinical presentation
Wheezing
Dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
Chest tightness
Cough
Bronchi construction
