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patho > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Where does gas exchange occur

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

Where is the apex and base of the lung

A

Apex - near clavicle
Base - rests on diaphragm

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3
Q

What is each lung divided into

A

Lobes and fissures

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4
Q

How many lobes does each lung have

A

Right - 3
Left - 2

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5
Q

What are the 2 main tasks of the respiratory system

A

External and internal respiration

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6
Q

Define external respiration

A

Exchanging air between body and outside environment

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7
Q

Define internal respiration

A

Bring oxygen to the cells and removes carbon dioxide from them

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8
Q

What are conchae

A

Lateral projections which increases surface area and air turbulence within nasal cavity

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9
Q

Functions of paranasal sinus

A

Lightens the skull
Produces mucus that drains into nasal cavity

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10
Q

What are the 3 areas of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

Superior opening of the larynx made of rigid cartilage, it routes food to the larynx and air to the trachea

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12
Q

What is pulmonary oedema

A

Excessive interstitial fluid in the alveoli

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13
Q

What is COPD

A

Airflow limitation due to airway abnormalities due to exposure of noxious particles or gases (toxins)

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14
Q

Demographic of COPD

A

Women
African Americans
Not reversible
SMOKERS

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15
Q

What is COPD composed of

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

What causes COPD

A

Smoking
Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

17
Q

What is alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

Eats up elastin in the lung

18
Q

What is emphysema

A

Irreversible enlargement of airspace distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of walls

19
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months and at least 2 consecutive years

20
Q

Pathogenisis of chronic bronchitis

A

Hyperplasia of mucus glands
Mucus obstructs airways
Goblet cells increased = more mucus
Long standing inflammation = fibrosis of airways

21
Q

What are blue bloaters

A

Chronic bronchitis
Overweight and cyanotic (blue skin)
Peripheral oedema

22
Q

What are pink puffers

A

Emphysema - enlargement and destruction of airspace distal to terminal bronchioles
Older and thin
Severe dyspnea

23
Q

What is asthma

A

Inflammatory airway disease characterised by reversible airway obstruction - reversible bronchoconstriction

24
Q

Clinical presentation

A

Wheezing
Dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
Chest tightness
Cough
Bronchi construction

patho (11 decks)

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