lymphatics Flashcards
what systems is the lymphatic system a apart of
circulatory and immune
4 major lymph nodes
cervical
axillary
inguinal
mesenteric
what does lymphatic system consist of
lymph and vessels
how are lymphoid organs split
primary and secondary
what are the primary lymphoid organs
thymus gland
bone marrow
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
MALT/GALT/SALT
spleen functions
filters blood from antigens
produces T and B lymphocytes
removes bacteria in phagocytosis
evokes immunological response
thymus functions
produces T lymphocytes
receives immunologically incompetent stem cells from bone marrow
immunologically incompetent stem cells
carry the risk of developing hypoimmunogenic tumours and of being infected by viruses without activating an immune response, thus becoming viral reservoirs
removal of thymus causes…
decreased T-cell production
increasing susceptibility to infection
what are tonsils
Small masses of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx
Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials
what are peyers patches
tonsils of intestine
capture and destroy bacteria in small intestine
MALT / GALT / SALT
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
gut
skin
functions of MALT / GALT / SALT
protects body against foreign materials
transports clean fluids to blood
removes debris from cells of body
produces immune cells
what are lymph capillaries
Form the vast network in intracellular spaces of most of the tissues in the body
The wall of lymph capillaries are made of single layer of epithelial cells
describe lymphatic system
passive
one way to heart
milking action of skeletal muscle
gravity effects movement
how does lymph leak into lymph capillaries
through mini valves
higher pressure on inside closes it
what are the two conducting ducts
thoracic and right lymphatic
where does thoracic duct receive lymph from
receives lymph from lower body and upper left quad
where does duct empties
junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
thoracic - left
right - right
where does right lymphatic duct receive lymph from
upper right quad
function of lymph node
filters lymph before returned to blood
what happens in a lymph node
bacteria are trapped and then phagocytosed
plasma cells produce antibodies
what is lymphoedema
accumulation of fluid due to blockage
what is Lymphangitis
inflamed /infected lymph nodes
what is Hemophagocytic Lymph histiocytosis
macrophage activation syndrome - attacks other cells
common lymphoid neoplasms
leukaemia -chronic and acute
what is lymphoid lymphomas and what are the 2 types
increase in WBCs
hodgkins and non hodgkins
what is hodgkins lymphoma
15-40 and 55+
abnormal B cell proliferation
major red flag of hodgkins lymphoma
pain in lymph nodes after alcohol
what is non hodgkins lymphoma
abnormal B cell proliferation
more common
tumours can grow in other organs
