lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what systems is the lymphatic system a apart of

A

circulatory and immune

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2
Q

4 major lymph nodes

A

cervical
axillary
inguinal
mesenteric

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3
Q

what does lymphatic system consist of

A

lymph and vessels

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4
Q

how are lymphoid organs split

A

primary and secondary

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5
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus gland
bone marrow

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6
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
MALT/GALT/SALT

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7
Q

spleen functions

A

filters blood from antigens
produces T and B lymphocytes
removes bacteria in phagocytosis
evokes immunological response

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8
Q

thymus functions

A

produces T lymphocytes
receives immunologically incompetent stem cells from bone marrow

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9
Q

immunologically incompetent stem cells

A

carry the risk of developing hypoimmunogenic tumours and of being infected by viruses without activating an immune response, thus becoming viral reservoirs

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10
Q

removal of thymus causes…

A

decreased T-cell production
increasing susceptibility to infection

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11
Q

what are tonsils

A

Small masses of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx
Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials

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12
Q

what are peyers patches

A

tonsils of intestine
capture and destroy bacteria in small intestine

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13
Q

MALT / GALT / SALT

A

mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
gut
skin

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14
Q

functions of MALT / GALT / SALT

A

protects body against foreign materials
transports clean fluids to blood
removes debris from cells of body
produces immune cells

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15
Q

what are lymph capillaries

A

Form the vast network in intracellular spaces of most of the tissues in the body
The wall of lymph capillaries are made of single layer of epithelial cells

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16
Q

describe lymphatic system

A

passive
one way to heart
milking action of skeletal muscle
gravity effects movement

17
Q

how does lymph leak into lymph capillaries

A

through mini valves
higher pressure on inside closes it

18
Q

what are the two conducting ducts

A

thoracic and right lymphatic

19
Q

where does thoracic duct receive lymph from

A

receives lymph from lower body and upper left quad

20
Q

where does duct empties

A

junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
thoracic - left
right - right

21
Q

where does right lymphatic duct receive lymph from

A

upper right quad

22
Q

function of lymph node

A

filters lymph before returned to blood

23
Q

what happens in a lymph node

A

bacteria are trapped and then phagocytosed
plasma cells produce antibodies

24
Q

what is lymphoedema

A

accumulation of fluid due to blockage

25
what is Lymphangitis
inflamed /infected lymph nodes
26
what is Hemophagocytic Lymph histiocytosis
macrophage activation syndrome - attacks other cells
27
common lymphoid neoplasms
leukaemia -chronic and acute
28
what is lymphoid lymphomas and what are the 2 types
increase in WBCs hodgkins and non hodgkins
29
what is hodgkins lymphoma
15-40 and 55+ abnormal B cell proliferation
30
major red flag of hodgkins lymphoma
pain in lymph nodes after alcohol
31
what is non hodgkins lymphoma
abnormal B cell proliferation more common tumours can grow in other organs