Respiratory

Question 1

When do babys stop being being obligatory nose breather

Answer 1

at 3 months

Question 2

S/Sx of respiratory distress

Answer 2

• tachycardia + tachypnea
• nasal flaring, grunting, head bobbing
• tripod position, retractions, stridor, wheezing
• color changes, hypoxia
• bradycardia, bradypnea

Question 3

Respiratory distress interventions

Answer 3

• elevate HOB, upright position
• monitor pulse ox, VS
• admin O2
• suction
• ambu bag

Question 4

When is apnea not ok

Answer 4

> 20 SECOND W/ CYANOSIS, PALLOR, HYPOTONIA, BRADYCARDIA - NOT OK

Question 5

What is a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE)

Answer 5

• baby passes out, it is observed
• s/sx: apnea, decreased/irregular breathing. cyanosis. pallor, hypotonia, altered mentation
• dont know why it happened

Question 6

What is Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)

Answer 6

• accidental suffocation ( leading cause of death in babys )
• high incidence with co-sleeping
  -** knows the cause of death **

Question 7

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 7

• sudden death during sleep (2-4 months old )
• ** dont know the cause of death **
• ABC campaign ( alone, back, crib )

Question 8

What is laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)

Answer 8

inflammation of the trachea caused by a virus

Question 9

S/sx of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)

Answer 9

• steeple sign
• barky, seal like cough
• stridor, fever, tachypnea, retractions, hypoxia

Question 10

Nursing considerations and Tx for laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)

Answer 10

Nursing consideration: NO THROAT CULTURES
TX: DEXAMETHASONE ( steroid, decreases swelling )
RACEMIC EPINEPHRINE AEROSOL ( decrease swelling )

Question 11

What is epiglottitis

Answer 11

Bacterial infections that causes inflammation of the epiglottis
** NO THROAT CULTURES OR TONGUE BLADES ( can lose the airway ) **

Question 12

S/SX and Tx of epiglotttis

Answer 12

S/Sx: sore throat, stridor, tripod position, high fever >39 C, steeple sign (X-ray)
1. DYSPHONIA: sounds like cotton in the mouth, sound funny when talking
2. DYSPHAGIA: cant swallow because it hurts
3. DROOLING

TX: ** HIB vaccine reduces incidence**, antibiotics

Question 13

Bronchiolitis caused by RSV

Answer 13

• copious, clear nasal drainage
• child will have symptoms of resp. distress : retractions , nasal flaring, hypoxia, etc.
• TX is supportivre ( O2, fluids, nasal suction, fever control )
• Dont use bronchodialator b/c bronchioles are not inflammed their just filled with mucus, so the goal is to get rid of the mucus

Question 14

Pneumonia

Answer 14

• community or hospital acquired
  -S/Sx: cough, tachypnea, crackles, wheezed, retractions , chest pain, poor feeding
  -Dx: X-ray
  -Tx: fever control, airway management, antibiotics, fluids, incentive spirometer, lay goof lung up

Question 15

What is status asthmaticus

Answer 15

airway is so restricted that it wont open up with interventions

Question 16

What is asthma

Answer 16

bronchial constriction caused by pt triggers ( pollen, dust, working out )

Question 17

Dx and s/sx of asthma

Answer 17

Dx: pulmonary function test: measures lung capacity
Sx/sx: resp. distress, retractions, wheezing, cough tachypnea, dyspnea, tight chest

Question 18

Tx for asthma

Answer 18

• corticoid steroids
• bronchodilators
• rescue: albuterol
• omalizumb: over age 5 ( watch for anaphylaxis )

Question 19

how to use inhaler with spacer

Answer 19

shake the cannister well, have the child exhale. place the face mask with a tight seal, give 1 puff on inhalation, have the child hold their breath for 10 seconds, then release and repeat for a second puff after 60 sec.

Question 20

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 20

autosomal recessive disorder- creates thick mucus affects respiratory, GI, reproductive systems (b/c mucus lining )

Dx: sweat chloride testing

High calorie, high protein diet