Respiratory Flashcards
When do babys stop being being obligatory nose breather
at 3 months
S/Sx of respiratory distress
- tachycardia + tachypnea
- nasal flaring, grunting, head bobbing
- tripod position, retractions, stridor, wheezing
- color changes, hypoxia
- bradycardia, bradypnea
Respiratory distress interventions
- elevate HOB, upright position
- monitor pulse ox, VS
- admin O2
- suction
- ambu bag
When is apnea not ok
> 20 SECOND W/ CYANOSIS, PALLOR, HYPOTONIA, BRADYCARDIA - NOT OK
What is a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE)
- baby passes out, it is observed
- s/sx: apnea, decreased/irregular breathing. cyanosis. pallor, hypotonia, altered mentation
- dont know why it happened
What is Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)
- accidental suffocation ( leading cause of death in babys )
- high incidence with co-sleeping
-** knows the cause of death **
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- sudden death during sleep (2-4 months old )
- ** dont know the cause of death **
- ABC campaign ( alone, back, crib )
What is laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)
inflammation of the trachea caused by a virus
S/sx of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)
- steeple sign
- barky, seal like cough
- stridor, fever, tachypnea, retractions, hypoxia
Nursing considerations and Tx for laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB or Croup)
Nursing consideration: NO THROAT CULTURES
TX: DEXAMETHASONE ( steroid, decreases swelling )
RACEMIC EPINEPHRINE AEROSOL ( decrease swelling )
What is epiglottitis
Bacterial infections that causes inflammation of the epiglottis
** NO THROAT CULTURES OR TONGUE BLADES ( can lose the airway ) **
S/SX and Tx of epiglotttis
S/Sx: sore throat, stridor, tripod position, high fever >39 C, steeple sign (X-ray)
1. DYSPHONIA: sounds like cotton in the mouth, sound funny when talking
2. DYSPHAGIA: cant swallow because it hurts
3. DROOLING
TX: ** HIB vaccine reduces incidence**, antibiotics
Bronchiolitis caused by RSV
- copious, clear nasal drainage
- child will have symptoms of resp. distress : retractions , nasal flaring, hypoxia, etc.
- TX is supportivre ( O2, fluids, nasal suction, fever control )
- Dont use bronchodialator b/c bronchioles are not inflammed their just filled with mucus, so the goal is to get rid of the mucus
Pneumonia
- community or hospital acquired
-S/Sx: cough, tachypnea, crackles, wheezed, retractions , chest pain, poor feeding
-Dx: X-ray
-Tx: fever control, airway management, antibiotics, fluids, incentive spirometer, lay goof lung up
What is status asthmaticus
airway is so restricted that it wont open up with interventions
What is asthma
bronchial constriction caused by pt triggers ( pollen, dust, working out )
Dx and s/sx of asthma
Dx: pulmonary function test: measures lung capacity
Sx/sx: resp. distress, retractions, wheezing, cough tachypnea, dyspnea, tight chest
Tx for asthma
- corticoid steroids
- bronchodilators
- rescue: albuterol
- omalizumb: over age 5 ( watch for anaphylaxis )
how to use inhaler with spacer
shake the cannister well, have the child exhale. place the face mask with a tight seal, give 1 puff on inhalation, have the child hold their breath for 10 seconds, then release and repeat for a second puff after 60 sec.
Cystic Fibrosis
autosomal recessive disorder- creates thick mucus affects respiratory, GI, reproductive systems (b/c mucus lining )
Dx: sweat chloride testing
High calorie, high protein diet
