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Peds > GI Function > Flashcards

GI Function Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric differences

A
  • smaller stomachs
  • relaxed lower esophageal sphincter
  • less digestive enzymes ( until 4-6 years old )
  • immature liver function
  • 18 months: aware of rectum ( start potty train )
  • Age 2 digestive process complete
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2
Q

What is cleft lip + cleft palate

A

failure of maxillary process to fuse w/ frontal prominence ( occurs during first trimester )

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3
Q

S/Sx of cleft lip + cleft palate

A
  • poor speech
  • poor feeding
  • prone to ear infections
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4
Q

Dx and Tx of cleft lip + cleft palate

A

DX: Ultrasound
TX: surgical repair

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5
Q

Nursing interventions for cleft lip + cleft palate

A

For surgery:
- elbow restraints for 2 weeks
- pain control, supine position
- no pacifiers, utensils, straws- use dropper or special feeder
- incision care: rinse w/ water after each feeding

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6
Q

What is GER

A

acid reflux, the lower esophageal sphincter is relaxed ( gastric contents goes into esophagus

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7
Q

S/Sx and Cause of GER

A
  • happy spitter, not irritable
  • frequent spit ups
  • able to gain weight
    Cause: over feeding
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8
Q

Tx for GER

A
  • thicken formula with rice cereal
  • smaller frequent feedings
  • formula change
  • keep upright for 20-30 mins
  • DONT PLACE IN CARSEAT AFTER FEEDINGS
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9
Q

S/Sx of GERD

A
  • poor weight gain
  • irritable: arching back during feeds
  • refusal of feedings
  • aspiration symptoms
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10
Q

TX of GERD

A
  • H2 receptor antagonist ( FAMOTIDINE )
  • proton pump inhibitors ( LANSOPRAZOLE, OMEPRAZOLE )
  • surgery: Nissen fundoplication ( wraps stomach around lower esophagus )
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11
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

hypertonic obstruction of the muscle between the stomach and sm. intestine

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12
Q

S/Sx of pyloric stenosis

A
  • olive shaped mass in RUQ
  • projectile vomiting
  • metabolic alkalosis ( not enough acid in the body )
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13
Q

Dx and Tx of pyloric stenosis

A

Dx: ultrasound
Tx: surgery = pyloromyotomy ( slice the muscle open )

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14
Q

nursing intervention of pyloric stenosis of surgery

A
  • NPO preop
  • post op care
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15
Q

What is intussusception

A

telescoping intestine - walls of intestine rubs together

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16
Q

S/Sx of intussusception

A
  • pain + crying w/ periods of calm
  • billious vomit
  • currants jelly stools ( later sign )
17
Q

Dx and Tx of intussusception

A

Dx: ultrasound
Tx: air enema or surgical repair

18
Q

What is Hirschsprung Disease

A

congenital aganglionic mega-colon ( prevents peristalsis )

19
Q

newborn s/sx of Hirschsprung Disease

A
  • no meconium passed by 48 hrs
  • abd. distention
  • billious vomit
  • explosive diarrhea
20
Q

children s/sx of Hirschsprung Disease

A
  • failure to gain weight
  • chronic constipation
  • fecal impaction
  • ribbon like stool
21
Q

Tx of Hirschsprung Disease

A

surgery to remove the affected part of the colon –> colostomy

22
Q

What is appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix
-** most common cause of emergency surgery in children **

23
Q

S/Sx of appendicitis

A
  • RLQ pain ( periumbilical pain )
  • nausea/ fever/ guarding/ tenderness
  • anorexia
24
Q

Dx and Tx of appendicitis

A

DX: jump test ( if they jump and have a lot of pain = appendicitis ), elevated WBC and c-reactive protein, ultrasound, CT

TX: surgical removal

25
Q

Nursing intervention of appendicitis

A

** SUDDEN RELIEF OF PAIN = APPENDIX RUPTURE**

26
Q

what is chrons disease

A

chronic inflammation process, fistula

27
Q

S/Sx of chrons disease

A
  • abd. distention
  • pain, diarrhea, fever
  • growth failure, malaise
28
Q

Dx and Tx of chrons disease

A

Dx: upper/lower GI series, lab work, biopsy

Tx: nutrition monitoring, surgery, aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppresants, MAB

29
Q

What is gatroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

30
Q

Cause, S/sx, Tx of gastroenteritis

A

cause: rotavirus ( most common ), was hands, vaccinate
S/Sx: vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
Tx: PO challenge, odansterone, rehydration, determine cause and tx if possible

31
Q

what is hyperbilirubinemia

A

increased RBC destruction + immature liver = jaundice ( the baby need to poop it out )

32
Q

physiologic jaundice

A

all kids get it, it happens at 24 hours old

33
Q

pathologic jaundice

A

occurs before 24 hours old, ABO or RH incompatibility

34
Q

Dx and Tx of hyperbilirubinemia

A

Dx: blood work, total serum bili (TSB), color

Tx: phototherapy- breaks down billi, helps baby excrete it

35
Q

Nursing interventions with hyperbilirubinemia

A
  • monitors babys weight, I/O, feeding
  • Kernicterus: if left untreated billi builds up in CNS = non reversible mental delays

Peds (20 decks)

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