Nutrition Flashcards
Preterm
- have high calories needs, immature GI systems
- breast milk concentration chnages
- use special formula
- G- tube feedings ( suck on pacifier )
When does birth weight double and triple with infants
Doubles: 5-6 months
Triples: 12 months
When do you start cup training
8-9 months
When do you start giving first foods
- first foods: 4-6 months ( rice cereal, vegetables, fruit, and milk )
- no honey until 12 months - botulism
Breast feeding
- exclusively for 6 months
- encourage for 12 months
- Supplement: flouride, iron, vit. D at 4 months
Formula Feeding
- no cows milk until 12 months ( can cause GI bleeding )
- no bottle propping, sleeping w/bottle, no cereal unless directed
What age group exhibits physiologic anorexia
- Toddlers
- its when the child growth slows down –> not eating as much
Toddler nutrition (1-3 y.o.)
- 3 meals, 3 snacks
- whole milk until age 2 ( no more than 24 oz/day –> iron deficiency anemia)
- limit juice intake
- eat with utensils, use cups, sit in chair at table
- physiologic anorexia
Preschooler nutrition (3-6 y.o.)
- can help w/food prep + setting the table
- ** Food jags ( stuck on one food for a while, then they hate it) **
- start 5 a day= 5 fruits + veg a day
School age nutrition (6-12 y.o.)
- gradual growth requires steady energy requirement
- preadolescent growth spurt ( girls: 10-11, boys later )
- involve in prep, may resist new food, educate about healthy food choices
Adolescent nutrition (12-18 years old )
- huge growth spurts + sports/activities
- encourage healthy choices
- iron deficiency anemia risk
- peers are big influencers
Dental care for infant, toddler/preschooler, school age,
- Infant: soft cloth and finger + non fluoridated tooth paste, dental visits start at tooth eruption
- Toddler/preschooler: parents brush teeth
- School age: tooth fairy visits, monitor brushing and flossing, fluoride supplements if needed
Growth charts
-gender +age specific
- 10-85 percentile = GOOD
<5th percentile= UNDERNOURISHED
- 85-95 percentile= OVERWEIGHT
->95 percentile= OBESE
What is Celiac Disease
- its a gluten intolerance ( genetic, predisposed, autoimmune )
- found in BROW ( barley, rye, oats, wheat)
S/sx and Tx of celiac disease
S/Sx: steatorrhea, diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, abd. pain + distention, growth delays, muscle wasting
Tx: remove gluten from diet
What is colic and the tx for it
- Severe abd. pain w/ severe crying ( 3 hours, 3x a week )
- legs drawn, fists clenched, abd. distention and tense
- Tx: supportive
- Nursing consideration: educate about shaken baby syndrome ( put baby in crib )
Dietary Deficiencies: Iron
- predictable deficiency: toddler and adolescent
-iron deficiency anemia
Dietary Deficiencies: Calcium
- carbonated drinks decrease calcium absorption b/c phosphorus
- females + athletes at high risk
Dietary Deficiencies: Vit. D
- can cause ricketts
Dietary Deficiencies: Folic acid
cause neural tube defects
Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
- kids wont eat, no weight gain or weight loss
- weight < 5th percentile
- erratic sleep, difficult to soothe
- developmentally delayed
- develop feeding routines
What is anorexia nervosa
- extreme weight loss 25-30% of body weight
- mostly in teenagers, young adults, females, white, higher socioeconomic status
S/Sx of anorexia nervosa
- lengthy and vigorous exercise
- amenorrhea ( no period )
- lanugo ( fine hair all over the body )
- electrolyte imbalances, dysrhythmias,
- disoriented body image
- depression, isolation, suicidal
- OCD, anxiety
Bulimia Nervosa
- binge eating then purging ( self induced
- frequent in white, higher socioeconomic status
- person can be overweight or underweight
- S/Sx: erosion of teeth enamel, calluses on back of hands or few fingers, malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
