Mental health Flashcards
Mental health
foundational to sense of personal well being, physical health relationships, and learning
Cognition
change in thought, intelligence, and language that occurs overtime
Pediatric differences
- fetus at high risk for teratogens first 8 wks
- brain develops through age 5 (drugs, poor nutrition, TBI, and emotional neglect can impact brain development)
- mental health develops through adolescence and young adult
- bonding
- same disease, different manifestation
Assessment
- Developmental milestones delayed - not talking/walking
- Social interaction - no eye contact
- Functional self care/ regulation
- History (accurate hx needed )
- Behavior
- Appearance
- Life events
Clinical therapy
- Assist the child and family to achieve and maintain optimal level of functioning (THE EARLIER THE BETTER)
- AMONG TOP 2 REASONS FOR HOSPITALIZATIONS
- 3 modes of tx: individual (the child), family, group (adolescents)
Therapeutic strategies
- play, art, visualization, and guided imagery
- cognitive behavioral (CBT), behavior modification, hypnosis
Dyslexia
trouble with reading, writing
Dyscalcuila
trouble with math
dysgraphia
trouble with writing and spelling
Dyspraxia
trouble with coordination
Tx to learning disabilities
help compensate
Patho, DX, and cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Patho: social and communication issues. Manifestations vary greatly, can show as early as 12 months
Dx: 8 years old
Cause: no clear cause, not caused by vaccines
Clinical manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Behavior:
- unable to relate to others
- doesnt respond to social clues
- STEROTYPY= rigid obsessive behaviors
- self stimulating/ destructive patterns
- aversion to touch, loud noises, bright lights
- trouble with change
Communication:
- no eye contact
- doesnt read / respond to nonverbals and social interchanges
- DELAYS IN SPEECH AND LANGUAGE ARE USUALLY THE FIRST CUE
- regression can indicate a problem
- ECHOLIA= says the same sounds repeatedly
ASD Hospitalized Child
- discuss the child’s routine
- minimize stimuli
- provide supportive care
- maintain safety
- short direct, sentences
- support family
Patho and cause of Attention Deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD)
Patho: developmentally inappropriate behaviors involving attention. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
- most common mental health alteration
- affects males more
Cause: lead and stressors
S/Sx and Tx for Attention Deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD)
S/Sx:
- decreased attention span, impulsivity
- increase motor activity, difficulty completing task
- fidgets, careful history
- 6 months or more of symptoms
TX:
1. behavioral management plans
2. minimize environmental distractions
3. MEDS: (stimulants)
- METHYLPHENIDATE (take in the AM, watch sleep habits, weight, abuse potential )
4. coping strategies
5. promoting self esteem
6. family education
Patho, Causes, and S/sx of depression
Patho: extreem sadness
Cause: psychological distress, learned helplessness, cognitive distortion, family dysfunction, social skill deficit, brain changes, decreased monoamine transmission (chem. problem)
S/Sx: declining school performance, withdrawn from social media /activities, aleep and activity disturbances, r/o drug abuse and bullying, combination of group, individual, and family therapy, antidepressants increases SI thoughts
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Patho: distressed continued for more than a month after the event w/impaired functioning
Cause: abuse, car accident, war
S/Sx: regression, sleep disturbances, anxiety, aggressions, detached, fear terror, helplessness
Tx: counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy ( talking with counselor)
Intellectual disability
Communication:
- home living, interpersonal skills
- self direction, work, health maintenance
Self Care:
- social skills, use of community resources, academic skills
- leisure, safety
Dx: by 18 years old
++ DEFICIT IN AT LEAST 2 OF THESE SKILLS ++
Therapies for intellectual disabilities
- multidisciplinary approach
- early intervention to maximize potential
- education for all handicapped children act
- family support
- safe environment
- adaptive functioning
Down Syndrome
Cause: Trisomy 21
++ MOST COMMON CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY ++
S/Sx: heart defects, square head, flat nasal bridge, protruding tongue, hypotonia, traverse palmer crease, inner epicanthal foods
Fragile X
Cause: recessive gene abnormality on the x chromosome (manifest in males, females, and carries)
++ SECOND MOST COMMON ++
S/Sx: large head and ears, flat feet , hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, aggressive, autistic like behaviors, intolerant to changeF
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Cause: consuming alcohol during pregnancy
NO AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IS SAFE DURING PREGNANCY
S/SX: learning disabilities, facial features, growth abnormality, microcephaly, short palperal fissures, small eyes, thin upper lip, flat midface, indistinct philtrum
Reminders
mature minors can seek mental health services therapy without parent
exception to hippa SI or HI
