Mental health

Question 1

Mental health

Answer 1

foundational to sense of personal well being, physical health relationships, and learning

Question 2

Cognition

Answer 2

change in thought, intelligence, and language that occurs overtime

Question 3

Pediatric differences

Answer 3

1. fetus at high risk for teratogens first 8 wks
2. brain develops through age 5 (drugs, poor nutrition, TBI, and emotional neglect can impact brain development)
3. mental health develops through adolescence and young adult
4. bonding
5. same disease, different manifestation

Question 4

Assessment

Answer 4

1. Developmental milestones delayed - not talking/walking
2. Social interaction - no eye contact
3. Functional self care/ regulation
4. History (accurate hx needed )
5. Behavior
6. Appearance
7. Life events

Question 5

Clinical therapy

Answer 5

• Assist the child and family to achieve and maintain optimal level of functioning (THE EARLIER THE BETTER)
• AMONG TOP 2 REASONS FOR HOSPITALIZATIONS
• 3 modes of tx: individual (the child), family, group (adolescents)

Question 6

Therapeutic strategies

Answer 6

1. play, art, visualization, and guided imagery
2. cognitive behavioral (CBT), behavior modification, hypnosis

Question 7

Dyslexia

Answer 7

trouble with reading, writing

Question 8

Dyscalcuila

Answer 8

trouble with math

Question 9

dysgraphia

Answer 9

trouble with writing and spelling

Question 10

Dyspraxia

Answer 10

trouble with coordination

Question 11

Tx to learning disabilities

Answer 11

help compensate

Question 12

Patho, DX, and cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 12

Patho: social and communication issues. Manifestations vary greatly, can show as early as 12 months

Dx: 8 years old

Cause: no clear cause, not caused by vaccines

Question 13

Clinical manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 13

Behavior:
- unable to relate to others
- doesnt respond to social clues
- STEROTYPY= rigid obsessive behaviors
- self stimulating/ destructive patterns
- aversion to touch, loud noises, bright lights
- trouble with change

Communication:
- no eye contact
- doesnt read / respond to nonverbals and social interchanges
- DELAYS IN SPEECH AND LANGUAGE ARE USUALLY THE FIRST CUE
- regression can indicate a problem
- ECHOLIA= says the same sounds repeatedly

Question 14

ASD Hospitalized Child

Answer 14

1. discuss the child’s routine
2. minimize stimuli
3. provide supportive care
4. maintain safety
5. short direct, sentences
6. support family

Question 15

Patho and cause of Attention Deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 15

Patho: developmentally inappropriate behaviors involving attention. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
- most common mental health alteration
- affects males more

Cause: lead and stressors

Question 16

S/Sx and Tx for Attention Deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 16

S/Sx:
- decreased attention span, impulsivity
- increase motor activity, difficulty completing task
- fidgets, careful history
- 6 months or more of symptoms

TX:
1. behavioral management plans
2. minimize environmental distractions
3. MEDS: (stimulants)
- METHYLPHENIDATE (take in the AM, watch sleep habits, weight, abuse potential )
4. coping strategies
5. promoting self esteem
6. family education

Question 17

Patho, Causes, and S/sx of depression

Answer 17

Patho: extreem sadness

Cause: psychological distress, learned helplessness, cognitive distortion, family dysfunction, social skill deficit, brain changes, decreased monoamine transmission (chem. problem)

S/Sx: declining school performance, withdrawn from social media /activities, aleep and activity disturbances, r/o drug abuse and bullying, combination of group, individual, and family therapy, antidepressants increases SI thoughts

Question 18

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 18

Patho: distressed continued for more than a month after the event w/impaired functioning

Cause: abuse, car accident, war

S/Sx: regression, sleep disturbances, anxiety, aggressions, detached, fear terror, helplessness

Tx: counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy ( talking with counselor)

Question 19

Intellectual disability

Answer 19

Communication:
- home living, interpersonal skills
- self direction, work, health maintenance

Self Care:
- social skills, use of community resources, academic skills
- leisure, safety

Dx: by 18 years old
++ DEFICIT IN AT LEAST 2 OF THESE SKILLS ++

Question 20

Therapies for intellectual disabilities

Answer 20

1. multidisciplinary approach
2. early intervention to maximize potential
3. education for all handicapped children act
4. family support
5. safe environment
6. adaptive functioning

Question 21

Down Syndrome

Answer 21

Cause: Trisomy 21
++ MOST COMMON CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY ++

S/Sx: heart defects, square head, flat nasal bridge, protruding tongue, hypotonia, traverse palmer crease, inner epicanthal foods

Question 22

Fragile X

Answer 22

Cause: recessive gene abnormality on the x chromosome (manifest in males, females, and carries)
++ SECOND MOST COMMON ++

S/Sx: large head and ears, flat feet , hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, aggressive, autistic like behaviors, intolerant to changeF

Question 23

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 23

Cause: consuming alcohol during pregnancy
NO AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IS SAFE DURING PREGNANCY

S/SX: learning disabilities, facial features, growth abnormality, microcephaly, short palperal fissures, small eyes, thin upper lip, flat midface, indistinct philtrum

Question 24

Reminders

Answer 24

mature minors can seek mental health services therapy without parent

exception to hippa SI or HI