Respiratory

Question 1

What is the MOA for both short and Long Beta 2 agonists?

Answer 1

Beta 2 agonist medications act by stimulating. Beta 2 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. Inhibit mediator release from mast cells

Question 2

What are the ADRs for Beta 2 agonists?

Answer 2

tachycardia, palpitation, headaches, restlessness, anxiety, tremor, hypokalaemia and hyperglycaemia in high doses

Question 3

Short Acting Beta 2 Agonist

Answer 3

Salbutamol
provide relief for 4-6 hours, rapid onset, can be used in an acute asthma attack (PRN)

Question 4

What are some cautions for Salbutamol

Answer 4

Frequent use can result in decreased B2 agonism due to down regulation of beta receptors - results in decreased bronchodilation

Question 5

What are some nursing considerations for Salmeterol

Answer 5

Not to be used to treat acute asthma symptoms, used in moderate to severe asthma and COPD, should be used in conjunction with an inhaled corticosteroid inhaler

Question 6

Long acting Beta 2 agonist

Answer 6

Salmeterol
Longer duration of action 12hrs, slower onset of action, not to be used to relieve acute symptoms - given regularly

Question 7

What is the MOA of anticholinergics e.g Ipratropium and Tiotropium

Answer 7

Antimuscarinic= muscarinic antagonist, block the parasympathetic stimulation of the Vagus nerve resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation

Question 8

What are some ADRs of Ipratropium

Answer 8

Dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, constipation, headache, tachycardia

Question 9

What is the combination drug of Ipratropium and Salbutamol

Answer 9

Doulin

Question 10

What is the MOA of Inhaled Corticosteroids Fluticasone

Answer 10

Corticosteroids mimic the action of natural glucocorticoids, the stress hormone secreted from the adrenal gland

Question 11

What are some ADRs of Fluticasone

Answer 11

Dysophonia, oropharyngeal candidiasis - to minimise these effects the pt should be taught to administer their medication via a spacer and rinse their mouth after each does

Question 12

What are some nursing considerations for Fluticasone

Answer 12

must be taken continuously and not stopped with out prescribers consultation
ICS given via inhalation greatly reduces systemic adverse effects
May reduce the rate of exacerbation in severe COPD

Question 13

What is some patient education for Fluticasone

Answer 13

Correct technique on how to use a spacer
ADRs
Rinse mouth and throat after to avoid oral thrush
Increase calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis