Pharamacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What does pareteral mean?

A

the administration of drugs by any route other than the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of the small intestines in relation to drugs

A

Major site for absorption of orally administered drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the hepatic first pass effect

A

Orally administered. drugs pass from the intestines to. the liver before reaching the systematic circulation resulting in a proportion of the medication being metabolised by the liver before it reaches the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define metabolism

A

The enzymatic breakdown of. a drug to a metabolite, that is typically less biologically active and more water soluble (easier to excrete in urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an agonist

A

A drug that binds to and activates the receptor., producing the same response as the endogenous ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an antagonist

A

A drug that binds to the receptors and blocks the access to the endogenous liana, thus diminishing the normal response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse drug reaction Type A

A

Predictable, intended and desirable response to a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse drug reaction Type B

A

Unpredictable, unintended, undesirable. response to a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is lysis?

A

the breakdown of a cell caused by damage to its plasma (outer) membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define pro-drug

A

A drug that is converted to its active form after absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define pharmacogenetics

A

The study of genetic differences that can alter an individual response to a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

The study of the interaction. between a drug and its molecular target and the physiological response (MOA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define enzyme induction

A

Increase synthesis of more enzyme protein, leading to an increase in drug metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does specificity refer to

A

Refers to the narrowness of a drug; the property of the drug that acts at one site, producing one effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a therapeutic index

A

A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective the larger the ratio the safer the drug is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is zero order kinetics

A

elimination of drugs at a constant rate regardless of the plasma concentration

17
Q

What is a loading dose

A

A larger than normal dose administrated as the first in a series of doses.
It is administered to achieve the therapeutic amount in the body more rapidly than would occur only by accumulation of the repeated in smaller doses

18
Q

What is a receptor

A

A large group of proteins that are molecule targets for drugs and lipids

19
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Biological molecule that catalyses a chemical reaction or causes a chemical change in another substance

20
Q

Define steady state

A

The situation in which the rate of a drug administered equals the rate of elimination and the plasma concentration remains constant

21
Q

Define half-life

A

The time taken for the blood or plasma concentration of a drug to fall by 50%

22
Q

What does efficacy mean?

A

The ability of the drug achieved its desired therapeutic response

23
Q

What isa ligand?

A

A substance that forma a complex with a receptor to serve a biological purpose

24
Q

What does pharmacokinetics mean?

A

The study of how a drug is altered during the process of absorption, distribution, metabolises and excretion

25
Q

Identify variables that may affect pharmacokinetics (all four phases)

A

Absorption - how the drug moves from the site of administration to site of action
Distribution - journey of the drug
Metabolism - process that breaks down the drug
Excretion - removal of drug from body

26
Q

Explain why the vast majority of medications prescribed for paediatric and adolescent patients are based on weight

A

This is related to the varied pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease process differences. Differences seen in the pharmacokinetics between adults and children and be related to a number of factors such as age, gender, body compositions, motivation of liver and kidneys and other systems