Diabetes Flashcards
What is the MOA of Insulin
Aim to maintain a stable BGL that avoids hyper/hypoglycaemia
What are the adverse effects of Insulin
Hypoglycaemia - low sugars, do not drive if experiencing
Weight gain - educate on a healthy eating plan
Lipohypertrophy - from not rotating injection sites
Patient education for insulin
Educate on checking BGL levels, how to treat a hypo/hyperglycaemic event, weight management, lifestyle,
What is the MOA of Metformin
Increase glucose uptake and utilisation in skeletal muscles
Reduce glucose production in liver
Increase insulin sensitivity
Reduces low and very low density lipoproteins
What are the adverse effects of Metformin
GI upset- nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, metallic taste
Lactic acidosis
What is some patient education about Metformin
Take with food
Start with low dose
Avoid alcohol
Encourage healthy diet and excersie
Metformin contradictions
Poor liver or renal function - increase risk of lactic acidosis
GI disturbances- diarrhoea= dehydration - potential lactic acidosis
Any condition causing decrease tissue oxygenation that may result in lactic acidosis
Types on insulin
Rapid acting, short acting, long acting, intermediate acting
What are the contraindications of insulin
hypoglycaemia, hypersensitivity to insulin, diabetic ketoacidiosis
What is the MOA of Empagflozin
Acts on sodium glucose co-transporters in the renal tubules to inhibit reabsorption of glucose
What are some adverse effects of Empagflozin
Urinary tract infection
Hypoglycaemia
Increased urination and increased thirst
Constipation
Puritis
What is some patient education for Empagflozin
Take with food at same time everyday
Seek medical attention if symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis
Keep genitals clean to avoid thrush
Stop if unwell
Avoid Keto diet while on this medication
Healthy diet and exercise
What are some contraindications of Empagflozin
Keep genitals clean - pass more during (glucose); increase risk thrush/groin infections
Any changes to diet should be mentioned, increase risk ketoacidosis
Pregnancy
sick day; stop empaflozin until otherwise
Seek medical attention if s/s of diabetic ketoacidosis
Glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen from sugar.
Gluconeogenesis
The process of making glucose (sugar) from its own breakdown products or from the breakdown products of lipids (fats) or proteins