Mental Health Flashcards
Antidepressants - Selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Citalopram MOA
SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin increases neurotransmitters levels in the synaptic cleft and increase stimulation of the postsynaptic receptors
Antidepressants - What are some ADRs SSRI Citalopram
Drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, rare serotonin syndrome
Antidepressants - What are some nursing consideration of SSRI antidepressants Citalopram
Someone with suicidal ideation may not have the energy to carry out plans due to medication
Antidepressants - What are some contraindications of SSRI Citalopram
Not to be used if patient enters manic phase
Antidepressants - Serotonin/Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Venlafaxine MOA
SNRIs affect serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
Antidepressants - SNRI (venlafaxine) ADRs
Headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, nausea
Antidepressants - Nursing considerations SNRI venlafaxine
Serotonin syndrome, may occur following therapeutic drug use, inadvertent interaction between drugs, overdose of particular drugs or recreational use of certain drugs
Antidepressant - SNRI venlafaxine therapeutic use
depression
Antidepressant - Tricyclic TCA (Amitriptyline) MOA
TCAs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain
Antidepressant - TCA amitriptyline ADRs
Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, weight gain
Antidepressant - TCA amitriptyline contraindications
Recovery from MI, arrhythmia, manic phases, under 12yrs old, within 14 days of MAOI treatment
Antidepressant - MAOI (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) Phenelzine MOA
Blocks monoamine oxidase which causes increase in epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin which cause stimulation of the CNS
Antidepressant - MAOI Phenelzine ADRs
Postural hypotension, constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue, headaches, insomina
Patient education for antidepressants
importance of medication compliance
May take 4-6 weeks to take effect
Take medication in the morning
Careful operating vehicles
Do not drink alcohol
Avoid foods high in tyramine
Mood Stabilisers/antimanic - Lithium Carbonate MOA
Mimics the effects of sodium, thereby compromising the ability of neutrons to release, activate and respond to neurotransmitters
Mood Stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate ADRs
tremor, stomach upset, polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, drowsiness
Mood stabilisers - Lithium carbonate Nursing considerations
Toxicity
levels: mild 1.5-2mEq/L, Moderate 2-3mEq/L, severe >3mEq/l
How does it happen - dehydration, hyponatraemia, kidney failure
Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate contraindications
Dehydration, low sodium, cardiac insufficiency
Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate patient education
take with food, drink plenty of water, will require 3 monthly blood test, alert doctor of signs of lithium toxicity immediately
Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate therapeutic use
Bipolar disorder
Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine MOA
Blocks the dopamine receptor (D2) site, inhibiting release of dopamine, helps diminish positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine ADRs
Higher risk of EPS, NMS, postural hypotension, photophobia, photosensitivity, weight gain, drowsiness, constipation, hyper salivation
Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine Nursing considerations
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
- occurs within weeks of drug change triggered by blockage of doperminergic receptors in the corpus stratum, resulting in spasticity of skeletal muscles and impair hypothalamic thermoregulation
Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine therapeutic use
Schizophrenia, mania, short term severe anxiety