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Pharamacology > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Antidepressants - Selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Citalopram MOA

A

SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin increases neurotransmitters levels in the synaptic cleft and increase stimulation of the postsynaptic receptors

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2
Q

Antidepressants - What are some ADRs SSRI Citalopram

A

Drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, rare serotonin syndrome

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3
Q

Antidepressants - What are some nursing consideration of SSRI antidepressants Citalopram

A

Someone with suicidal ideation may not have the energy to carry out plans due to medication

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4
Q

Antidepressants - What are some contraindications of SSRI Citalopram

A

Not to be used if patient enters manic phase

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5
Q

Antidepressants - Serotonin/Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Venlafaxine MOA

A

SNRIs affect serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine

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6
Q

Antidepressants - SNRI (venlafaxine) ADRs

A

Headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, nausea

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7
Q

Antidepressants - Nursing considerations SNRI venlafaxine

A

Serotonin syndrome, may occur following therapeutic drug use, inadvertent interaction between drugs, overdose of particular drugs or recreational use of certain drugs

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8
Q

Antidepressant - SNRI venlafaxine therapeutic use

A

depression

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9
Q

Antidepressant - Tricyclic TCA (Amitriptyline) MOA

A

TCAs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain

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10
Q

Antidepressant - TCA amitriptyline ADRs

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, weight gain

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11
Q

Antidepressant - TCA amitriptyline contraindications

A

Recovery from MI, arrhythmia, manic phases, under 12yrs old, within 14 days of MAOI treatment

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12
Q

Antidepressant - MAOI (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) Phenelzine MOA

A

Blocks monoamine oxidase which causes increase in epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin which cause stimulation of the CNS

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13
Q

Antidepressant - MAOI Phenelzine ADRs

A

Postural hypotension, constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue, headaches, insomina

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14
Q

Patient education for antidepressants

A

importance of medication compliance
May take 4-6 weeks to take effect
Take medication in the morning
Careful operating vehicles
Do not drink alcohol
Avoid foods high in tyramine

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15
Q

Mood Stabilisers/antimanic - Lithium Carbonate MOA

A

Mimics the effects of sodium, thereby compromising the ability of neutrons to release, activate and respond to neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Mood Stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate ADRs

A

tremor, stomach upset, polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, drowsiness

17
Q

Mood stabilisers - Lithium carbonate Nursing considerations

A

Toxicity
levels: mild 1.5-2mEq/L, Moderate 2-3mEq/L, severe >3mEq/l
How does it happen - dehydration, hyponatraemia, kidney failure

18
Q

Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate contraindications

A

Dehydration, low sodium, cardiac insufficiency

19
Q

Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate patient education

A

take with food, drink plenty of water, will require 3 monthly blood test, alert doctor of signs of lithium toxicity immediately

20
Q

Mood stabilisers - Lithium Carbonate therapeutic use

A

Bipolar disorder

21
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine MOA

A

Blocks the dopamine receptor (D2) site, inhibiting release of dopamine, helps diminish positive symptoms of schizophrenia

22
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine ADRs

A

Higher risk of EPS, NMS, postural hypotension, photophobia, photosensitivity, weight gain, drowsiness, constipation, hyper salivation

23
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine Nursing considerations

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
- occurs within weeks of drug change triggered by blockage of doperminergic receptors in the corpus stratum, resulting in spasticity of skeletal muscles and impair hypothalamic thermoregulation

24
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine therapeutic use

A

Schizophrenia, mania, short term severe anxiety

25
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine Contraindications

A

Comatose states, CNS depression, hypothyroidism

26
Q

Antipsychotics - Typical Chlorpromazine Patient education

A

Do not drink alcohol, protect skin from sun light, tabs should not be crushed, med can make you sleepy

27
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical Clozapine MOA

A

Acts on both serotonin and dopamine in the brain, help diminish positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

28
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical Clozapine ADRs

A

Lower risk of TD,EPS, NMS, increase BGL, weight gain, constipation, hyper salivation

29
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical Clozapine Nursing considerations

A

Agranulocytosis
- Low WBC count = body unable to fight infections. Requires careful monitoring weekly blood test

30
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical Clozapine Contraindications

A

Comatose states, CNS depression, pheochromocytoma, hypothyroidism

31
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical Clozapine

A

May take a few weeks to take effect, inform of ADRs, protect skin from sunlight, tabs should not be crushed, meds make you sleepy

32
Q

Antianxiety / Benzodiazepines - Diazepam MOA

A

Binds to GABA receptors in the CNS to enhance the effects of the GABA neurotransmitter
Slows/calms the activity of the nerves in the brain

33
Q

Antianxiety / Benzodiazepines - Diazepam ADRS

A

Common: ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness
Rare: aggression, confusion, headache, hypotension, rashes

34
Q

Antianxiety / Benzodiazepines - Diazepam Nursing considerations

A

Short term treatment - 4 weeks max
Benzos are addictive and tolerance develops quickly
Monitor withdrawal: vital signs, tremors, vomiting, seizures, insomnia

35
Q

Antianxiety / Benzodiazepines - Diazepam Contraindications

A

resp. depression, marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness, acute pulmonary insufficiency, sleep apnoea syndrome

36
Q

Antianxiety / Benzodiazepines - Diazepam Patient education

A

Not meant for long term use as increase risk for physical and psychological dependence
Use of long term therapy leads to tolerance
Never stop abruptly
Avoid alcohol
Avoid driving

Pharamacology (9 decks)

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