Every MOA

Question 1

Heparin

Answer 1

inactivates factors Xa and ii resulting in inhibition of thrombin preventing clotting factors.

Question 2

Warfarin

Answer 2

Inhibits synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factors

Question 3

GTN spray

Answer 3

Binds to nitrate receptors in vascular smooth muscles - vaso/venodilation of arteries, increasing oxygen to myocardium.

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

Inhibits COX1 which inhibits platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

Question 5

Digoxin

Answer 5

Inhibits the Na+ and K+ pump which increases intracellular sodium, increasing calcium to the heart

Question 6

Enalapril

Answer 6

Blocks the enzyme required for converting angiotensin 1 to 2, resulting in decreased vascular tone

Question 7

Beta blockers - Metopoprolol, Propranolol

Answer 7

Bind to B receptors in the autonomic NS, preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline stimulating receptors

Question 8

Furosemide

Answer 8

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium chloride and other electrolytes in renal tubules

Question 9

Simvastatin

Answer 9

Inhibits synthesis of cholesterol in the liver

Question 10

Metformin

Answer 10

Increases glucose re-uptake and utilisation in the skeletal muscles and reduces re-uptake in the liver

Question 11

Empagflozin

Answer 11

Acts on sodium glucose co-transporters in the renal tubules to inhibit reabsorption of glucose

Question 12

Stimulant laxatives- biscadyl and Docusate sodium

Answer 12

irritate the bowel to increase gut motility and decrease water absorption

Question 13

Bulk forming laxative - psyllium husk

Answer 13

absorbs water in intestines

Question 14

Osmotic laxatives - lactulose

Answer 14

Draws water into the lumens and intestines, increases stool volumes and triggering motility

Question 15

Stool softener - Docusate sodium

Answer 15

Lowers the surface tension at the oil-water mix of faeces, so water and lipids can get into stool

Question 16

Omperprazole

Answer 16

Binds irreversibility to the gastric proton pump in parietal cells to prevent the release of gastric acid

Question 17

Ondansetron

Answer 17

Binds to 5HT receptors in CTZ, GI tract, vomiting reflex centre to inhibit the vomiting reflex

Question 18

Metoclopramide

Answer 18

Blocks D2 receptors in CTZ and vomiting centre reducing vomiting reflex

Question 19

Cyclizine

Answer 19

Blocks H2 receptors and has anticholinergic effects

Question 20

Short and long acting beta 2 agonists (Salbutamol and Salmeterol)

Answer 20

Stimulates Beta 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscles causing bronchodilator

Question 21

Anticholinergics e.g ipratropium tiotropium

Answer 21

muscarinic agonist, blocks parasympathetic stimulation in vagus nerve resulting in bronchodilaton and relaxation

Question 22

Inhaled corticosteriods e.g fluticasone

Answer 22

Mimics the action of natural glucosteroids, the stress hormone released from the adrenal gland

Question 23

Amoxicillin

Answer 23

interferes with the bacterial cell wall structure, inhibits cell well synthesis causing lysis and cell death (bactericidal)

Question 24

Ibuprofen

Answer 24

Non-Selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and 2 enzymes

Question 25

Paracetamol

Answer 25

Has local and central action
Local inhibits COX
Central inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 26

Morphine

Answer 26

Activation of descending inhibitory pathway from CNS, inhibition of nociceptive afferent neutrons

Question 27

Tramadol

Answer 27

Stimulates the MU receptors

Question 28

Loperamide

Answer 28

Binds to the opiate receptors in the gut wall, reducing propulsive peristalsis