Every MOA Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin

A

inactivates factors Xa and ii resulting in inhibition of thrombin preventing clotting factors.

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2
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibits synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factors

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3
Q

GTN spray

A

Binds to nitrate receptors in vascular smooth muscles - vaso/venodilation of arteries, increasing oxygen to myocardium.

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4
Q

Aspirin

A

Inhibits COX1 which inhibits platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Digoxin

A

Inhibits the Na+ and K+ pump which increases intracellular sodium, increasing calcium to the heart

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6
Q

Enalapril

A

Blocks the enzyme required for converting angiotensin 1 to 2, resulting in decreased vascular tone

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7
Q

Beta blockers - Metopoprolol, Propranolol

A

Bind to B receptors in the autonomic NS, preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline stimulating receptors

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8
Q

Furosemide

A

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium chloride and other electrolytes in renal tubules

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9
Q

Simvastatin

A

Inhibits synthesis of cholesterol in the liver

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10
Q

Metformin

A

Increases glucose re-uptake and utilisation in the skeletal muscles and reduces re-uptake in the liver

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11
Q

Empagflozin

A

Acts on sodium glucose co-transporters in the renal tubules to inhibit reabsorption of glucose

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12
Q

Stimulant laxatives- biscadyl and Docusate sodium

A

irritate the bowel to increase gut motility and decrease water absorption

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13
Q

Bulk forming laxative - psyllium husk

A

absorbs water in intestines

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14
Q

Osmotic laxatives - lactulose

A

Draws water into the lumens and intestines, increases stool volumes and triggering motility

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15
Q

Stool softener - Docusate sodium

A

Lowers the surface tension at the oil-water mix of faeces, so water and lipids can get into stool

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16
Q

Omperprazole

A

Binds irreversibility to the gastric proton pump in parietal cells to prevent the release of gastric acid

17
Q

Ondansetron

A

Binds to 5HT receptors in CTZ, GI tract, vomiting reflex centre to inhibit the vomiting reflex

18
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Blocks D2 receptors in CTZ and vomiting centre reducing vomiting reflex

19
Q

Cyclizine

A

Blocks H2 receptors and has anticholinergic effects

20
Q

Short and long acting beta 2 agonists (Salbutamol and Salmeterol)

A

Stimulates Beta 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscles causing bronchodilator

21
Q

Anticholinergics e.g ipratropium tiotropium

A

muscarinic agonist, blocks parasympathetic stimulation in vagus nerve resulting in bronchodilaton and relaxation

22
Q

Inhaled corticosteriods e.g fluticasone

A

Mimics the action of natural glucosteroids, the stress hormone released from the adrenal gland

23
Q

Amoxicillin

A

interferes with the bacterial cell wall structure, inhibits cell well synthesis causing lysis and cell death (bactericidal)

24
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Non-Selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and 2 enzymes

25
Q

Paracetamol

A

Has local and central action
Local inhibits COX
Central inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

26
Q

Morphine

A

Activation of descending inhibitory pathway from CNS, inhibition of nociceptive afferent neutrons

27
Q

Tramadol

A

Stimulates the MU receptors

28
Q

Loperamide

A

Binds to the opiate receptors in the gut wall, reducing propulsive peristalsis