GI tract Flashcards
Stimulant laxatives
Generic name
MOA
Indications
ADRs
Precautions / contraindications
Biscadyl and Docusate Sodium with Sennoside B
Irritate the bowel which increases motility and decrease water absorption
B-10-30mins D-6-12hrs
Cramping, nausea, bloating, electrolyte disturbances
Caution in older people, no more than 3x a week, long term use can result in damage
Bulk-Forming laxatives
Generic name
MOA
Indications
ADRs
Precautions / contraindications
Psyllium Husk
Absorbs H20 into the linen and soften stool
Good to use if there isn’t enough dietary fibres 12-24hrs
Bloating and flatulence
Not with other oral meds 2 hours either side of administration, need to drink water not good for HF
Stool softener laxatives
Generic name
MOA
Indications
Doscusate Sodium and Pocusate Calcium
Lowers the surface tension at the oil-water mix of faces so water and lipids can get into stool, hydrated and softens the faecal material
Used on short term basis to relieve constipation
Osmotic laxatives
Generic name
MOA
Indications
ADRs
Precautions / contraindications
Lactulose and Macrogol
Draw water into lumens of intestines, increase stool volume and triggering motility
Onset of action 24-45hrs
Bloating, flatulence, nausea, electrolyte disturbance, intestinal cramping
Not with lactose intolerant, avoid opioids
Dyspepsia
Pain or discomfort located in the upper abdomen (indigestion)
Heartburn
Burning sensation rising from the epigastrium to the neck. Predominantly due to reflux of acid into the oesophagus (GORD)
What is the MOA of Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor)
Bind irreversibly to the gastric proton pump in the parietal cells to prevent the release of gastric acid resulting in a increased gastric pH
What are the ADRs of Omeprazole
GI upset, headache, dizziness, skin rash
What are some indications to use Omeprazole for treatment?
Peptic ulcer disease, GORD, gastritis, H.Pylori
What is some patient education about Omeprazole?
Do not open, crush or chew capsules
Not for long term use
Do not stop abruptly as can cause rebound acidity
What are some nursing considerations of Omeprazole?
Caution with concurrent administration with diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin
Can decrease absorption of medication that require an acidic environment
What is the MOA of Ondansetron (Serotonin antagonist)?
Binds to 5HT receptors in the GI tract, CTZ and vomiting centre. Inhibits simulation of these receptors therefore preventing the vomiting reflex
What are the ADRs of Ondansetron?
Constipation, headache, anxiety, dizziness
What are the indication of use for Ondansetron?
Post op vomiting and nausea, chemo
What are some drug-drug interactions with Ondansetron?
Tramadol - opposing effects of both drugs, the analgesic effect is lessened
Caution with opioids due to increase risk of constipation
Caution with other CNS depressants due to increased risk of serotonin syndrome
