Respiratory Flashcards
Late line drug used in asthma
Theothyline
Asthma chronic treatment
1) SABA
2) + low ICS
3) + LTRA
4) + LABA, take away LTRA if no effect
5) SABA + medium dose MART + LTRA if effect
6) High dose ICS or LAMA or theothyline
MART
LABA and ICS
Most common cause occupation asthma
Isocyanates - spray paint
Moderate asthma
PEFR 50-70%
RR < 25
Pulse <110
Severe asthma
PEFR 33-50%
RR > 25
Pulse > 110
Cannot complete sentences
Life threatening asthma
PEFT <33% Oxygen <92% Silent chest Bradycardia or hypotension Confusion or coma Normal PCO2
Acute asthma treatment
1) SABA and oral corticosteroid 5d
2) SAMA - ipratropium
3) IV magnesium or aminophyline
COPD severity
1 - FEV1 >80% plus symptoms
2 - 50-79%
3 - 30-49%
4 - <30%
COPD treatment
1) SABA or SAMA
2) Asthma features - combined LABA and ICS
3) No asthma features - combined LABA and LAMA
4) Theophyline, consider azithromycin
LTOT indication
pO2 < 7.3 or <8 and oedema or pulmonary hypertension
COPD infective cause
Haemophilus influenzae
Most common lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Hypercalcaemia or hyperthyroidism in lung cancer
Squamous cell
CURB 65
Confusion Urea > 7 RR >30 BP < 90 systolic, 60 diastolic Age > 65
Xray post pneumonia
6 weeks
Identify legionella
Hyponatraemia
Legionella and mycoplasma antibiotic
Clarithrymycin or azithromycin
Identify mycoplasma
Erythema multiforme
Pericarditis
Delay for CTPA in PE
Start low molecular weight heparin
Treatment PE
DOAC if stable, thrombolysis if not
Exudative pleural effusion
> 30g/L protein
Causes exudative pleural effusion
Infection or conective tissue disorder
Transduate pleural effusion
<30g/L
Causes transduate pleural effusion
Congetive heart failure
Hypoalbuminaemia - liver disease
25-35g pleural effusion
Lights criteria:
- pleural fluid protein/serum protein 0.5
- pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH 0.6
Pleural effusion treatment
Small - supportive
Large - aspiration/drainage
Aspiration in empyema
pH<7.2
Low glucose
High LDH
Pneumothorax investigation
CXR
Primary pneumothorax treatment
<2cm and not SOB - discharge
Otherwise - aspiration, chest drain if fails
Secondary pneumothorax treatment
<1cm - oxygen and admit
1-2cm - aspiration, chest drain if fails
>2cm - chest drain
Tension pneumothorax treatment
Needle decompression and chest tube
Mesothelioma diagnosis
Thoracoscopy
Bronchiectasis common organism
Haemophilus influenza
Upper zone fibrosis
CHARTS
- coal workers pneumocomiosis
- hypersensitive pneumonitis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- radiation
- TB
- sarcoidosis
Lower zone fibrosis
IPF
Drug induced
Asbestos
Fibrosis diagnosis
CT scan
Calculate anion gap
(Na +K) - (Cl + bicarbonate)
Metabolic acidosis normal anion gap
Diarrhoea
Addisons
Renal tubular acidosis
Metaboic acidosis raised anion gap
Lactate - shock
Ketones - DKA, alcohol
Urate - renal failure
Acid poisoning - salicylates, methanol
Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting
Hyperaldosteronism
Respiratory acidosis
COPD
Sedative drugs
Respiratory alkalosis
Anxiety
PE
Pregnancy
Identify granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegeners)
Epistaxis, sinusitis
Haemoptysis
Renal disease
Antibody in Wegeners
cANCA
Identify eosinophilia granulomatosis with polangitis (Churg Strauss)
Asthma
Eosinophilia
Renal disease
Antibody in Churg strauss
pANCA
Oxygen targets
94-98 normally
88-92 in COPD
Restrictive spirometry causes
Fibrosis
Asbestosis
Sarcoidosis
Obesity
Centor criteria
Tonsillar exudate
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever
Absence of cough
Causes raised transfer factor
Asthma
Polycythaemia
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Location canula in tension pneumothorax
2nd intercostal space