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Finals - Systems Paper > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Late line drug used in asthma

A

Theothyline

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2
Q

Asthma chronic treatment

A

1) SABA
2) + low ICS
3) + LTRA
4) + LABA, take away LTRA if no effect
5) SABA + medium dose MART + LTRA if effect
6) High dose ICS or LAMA or theothyline

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3
Q

MART

A

LABA and ICS

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4
Q

Most common cause occupation asthma

A

Isocyanates - spray paint

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5
Q

Moderate asthma

A

PEFR 50-70%
RR < 25
Pulse <110

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6
Q

Severe asthma

A

PEFR 33-50%
RR > 25
Pulse > 110
Cannot complete sentences

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7
Q

Life threatening asthma

A 
PEFT <33%
Oxygen <92%
Silent chest
Bradycardia or hypotension
Confusion or coma
Normal PCO2
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8
Q

Acute asthma treatment

A

1) SABA and oral corticosteroid 5d
2) SAMA - ipratropium
3) IV magnesium or aminophyline

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9
Q

COPD severity

A

1 - FEV1 >80% plus symptoms
2 - 50-79%
3 - 30-49%
4 - <30%

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10
Q

COPD treatment

A

1) SABA or SAMA
2) Asthma features - combined LABA and ICS
3) No asthma features - combined LABA and LAMA
4) Theophyline, consider azithromycin

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11
Q

LTOT indication

A

pO2 < 7.3 or <8 and oedema or pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

COPD infective cause

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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13
Q

Most common lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

Hypercalcaemia or hyperthyroidism in lung cancer

A

Squamous cell

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15
Q

CURB 65

A 
Confusion
Urea > 7
RR >30
BP < 90 systolic, 60 diastolic
Age > 65
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16
Q

Xray post pneumonia

A

6 weeks

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17
Q

Identify legionella

A

Hyponatraemia

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18
Q

Legionella and mycoplasma antibiotic

A

Clarithrymycin or azithromycin

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19
Q

Identify mycoplasma

A

Erythema multiforme

Pericarditis

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20
Q

Delay for CTPA in PE

A

Start low molecular weight heparin

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21
Q

Treatment PE

A

DOAC if stable, thrombolysis if not

22
Q

Exudative pleural effusion

A

> 30g/L protein

23
Q

Causes exudative pleural effusion

A

Infection or conective tissue disorder

24
Q

Transduate pleural effusion

A

<30g/L

25
Q

Causes transduate pleural effusion

A

Congetive heart failure

Hypoalbuminaemia - liver disease

26
Q

25-35g pleural effusion

A

Lights criteria:

  • pleural fluid protein/serum protein 0.5
  • pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH 0.6
27
Q

Pleural effusion treatment

A

Small - supportive

Large - aspiration/drainage

28
Q

Aspiration in empyema

A

pH<7.2
Low glucose
High LDH

29
Q

Pneumothorax investigation

A

CXR

30
Q

Primary pneumothorax treatment

A

<2cm and not SOB - discharge

Otherwise - aspiration, chest drain if fails

31
Q

Secondary pneumothorax treatment

A

<1cm - oxygen and admit
1-2cm - aspiration, chest drain if fails
>2cm - chest drain

32
Q

Tension pneumothorax treatment

A

Needle decompression and chest tube

33
Q

Mesothelioma diagnosis

A

Thoracoscopy

34
Q

Bronchiectasis common organism

A

Haemophilus influenza

35
Q

Upper zone fibrosis

A

CHARTS

  • coal workers pneumocomiosis
  • hypersensitive pneumonitis
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • radiation
  • TB
  • sarcoidosis
36
Q

Lower zone fibrosis

A

IPF
Drug induced
Asbestos

37
Q

Fibrosis diagnosis

A

CT scan

38
Q

Calculate anion gap

A

(Na +K) - (Cl + bicarbonate)

39
Q

Metabolic acidosis normal anion gap

A

Diarrhoea
Addisons
Renal tubular acidosis

40
Q

Metaboic acidosis raised anion gap

A

Lactate - shock
Ketones - DKA, alcohol
Urate - renal failure
Acid poisoning - salicylates, methanol

41
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting

Hyperaldosteronism

42
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

COPD

Sedative drugs

43
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety
PE
Pregnancy

44
Q

Identify granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegeners)

A

Epistaxis, sinusitis
Haemoptysis
Renal disease

45
Q

Antibody in Wegeners

A

cANCA

46
Q

Identify eosinophilia granulomatosis with polangitis (Churg Strauss)

A

Asthma
Eosinophilia
Renal disease

47
Q

Antibody in Churg strauss

A

pANCA

48
Q

Oxygen targets

A

94-98 normally

88-92 in COPD

49
Q

Restrictive spirometry causes

A

Fibrosis
Asbestosis
Sarcoidosis
Obesity

50
Q

Centor criteria

A

Tonsillar exudate
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever
Absence of cough

51
Q

Causes raised transfer factor

A

Asthma
Polycythaemia
Pulmonary haemorrhage

52
Q

Location canula in tension pneumothorax

A

2nd intercostal space

Finals - Systems Paper (20 decks)

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