Infection/Sexual Health Flashcards
1
Q
Treatment cellulitis
A
Mild - flucloxacillin, doxycycline if allergic, macrolide if pregnancy
Severe - co-amox
2
Q
Identify giardiasis
A
Prolonged incubation
Non-bloody floating stool
3
Q
Treatment giardiasis gastroenteritis
A
Metronidazole
4
Q
Identify shigella gastroenteritis
A
Blood diarhoea with pain
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
5
Q
Identify e-coli gastroenteritis
A
Common travellers
Watery stool
6
Q
Treatment shigella gastroenteritis
A
Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
7
Q
Identify staph aureus gastroenteritis
A
Short incubation
Severe vomiting
8
Q
Identify compylobacter gastroenteritis
A
Flu like prodrome then crampy pain
Maybe blood diarrhoea
9
Q
Treatment compylobacter gastroenteritis
A
Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
10
Q
Identify ameobiasis gastroenteritis
A
Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain lasts several weeks
11
Q
Onset salmonella gastroenteritis
A
Short incubation
Watery diarrhoea, maybe blood/mucous
12
Q
gastroenteritis cause if <6h
A
Staph aureus or bacillis
13
Q
gastroenteritis if 12h to 2d
A
Salmonella or ecoli
14
Q
gastroenteritis if 2 to 3d
A
Shigella or compylobacter
15
Q
gastroenteritis if >7d
A
Giardiasis or ameobiasis
16
Q
Treatment shingles
A
1) Aciclovir if <3d onset and analgesia
17
Q
Antibiotics treat MRSA
A
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Linezolid
18
Q
Diagnosis HIV
A
Combination test (p24 antigen and antibody) Repeated if positive
19
Q
Testing asymptomatic HIV
A
Done 4w after exposure then 3m after this
20
Q
Treatment HIV
A
2 nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and either protease inhibitor (PI) or non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
21
Q
Antibiotics in HIV
A
Co-trimoxazole if CD4 < 200
22
Q
Cause HIV diarrhoea
A
Cryptosporodium most common
CMV
23
Q
Treatment HIV oesophageal candidiasis
A
1) Fluconazole or itraconazole
24
Q
Cause kaposi sarcoma
A
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8)
25
Treatment kaposi sarcoma
Radiotherapy and resection
26
Treatment pneumocystitis jeroveci pneumonia
Co-trimoxazole
27
Identify toxoplasmosis HIV lesion
Multiple lesions, ring enhances, SPECT -ve
28
Identify primary CNS lymphoma HIV lesion
Single lesion, solid enhancement, SPECT +ve
29
Identify TB HIV brain lesion
Single enhancing lesion
30
Identify cryptococcus HIV brain lesion
Meningeal enhancement
Cerebral oedema
India ink +ve
31
Identify encephalitis HIV
Oedematous brain, caused by CMV or HIV
32
Identify progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Widespread demyelination due to JC virus
Really low CD4
Subacute behaviour changes
33
4Cs of C Diff
Ciprofloxacin
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Cephalosporin
34
Severity C Diff
Mild - normal WCC
Moderate - WCC < 15
Severe - WCC > 15 or AKI or temp or severe colitis
Life threatening - hypotension, toxic megacolon, ileus
35
C Diff diangosis
CD toxin in stools
36
Treatment C Diff first episode
1) Oral vancomycin 10d
37
Treatment recurrent C Diff
Within 12h:
| 1) Fidaxomycin
38
Treatment life threatening C Diff
1) Oral vancomycin and IV metronidazole
39
Recognise enteric fever
Caused by salmonella typhi
Rose spots
Relative bradycardia
40
Recognise bacillis
Associated rice
First 6h - vomiting
Second 6h - diarrhoea
41
Treatment bacillis
1) Supportive, usually resolves 24h
| 2) Vancomycin if antibiotic needed
42
Recognise malaria
Jaundice
Fever which comes and goes
Hepatosplenomegaly
43
Diagnose malaria
Blood film - 3 samples over 3d
44
Treatment falciparum malaria
IV artesunate
45
Prophylaxis malaria
Proguanil and atovaquone (Malarone) 2 days before and 1w after
Deoxycycline taken 2d before and 4w after
46
Treatment non-falciparum malaria
Chloroquine
47
Meningitis cause <3m
Group B strep
48
Meningitis cause 3m-60y
Neiserria meningitis
49
Meningitis cause >60y
Strep pneumonia
50
Meningitis viral cause
Enterovirus - coxsacie, echovirus are most common
| HSV and VZV also
51
Diagnose menignitis
LP if no signs raised ICP
52
Treatment menigntis <3m
IV cefotaxime and amoxicillin
53
Treatment meningitis 3m-50y
IV ceftriaxone
54
Treatment meningitis >50y
IV ceftriaxone and amoxicillin
55
Always give with antibiotics for meningitis
IV dexamethasone
56
Meningitis prophylaxis
Oral ciprofloxacin
57
Staining for TB
Ziel-Neelson stain (bright red)
58
Screening latent TB
Mantoux test
59
Treatment TB
RIPE:
- rifampicin and isonizid 6m
- pyrazinumide and ethambutol 2m
60
Rifampicin adverse
Orange secretions
61
Isoniazid adverse
Peripheral neuropathy
62
Pyrazinamide adverse
Gout
63
Ethambutol adverse
Optic neuritis
64
Treatment UTI woman
uncomplicated - trimethoprim or nitrofuranoin 3d
| Complicated or renal - 5 to 10d
65
Treatment UTI pregnant woman
1) Nitrofurantoin 7d
| 2) Amoxicillin or cefalaxin
66
Treatment UTI men
1) Same as non-pregnant woman but 7d
67
Common cause pyelonephritis
E. Coli
68
Diagnose brain abscess
CT scan
69
Treatment brain abscess
3rd gen cephalosporin and metronidazole
| Dexamethasone for ICP
70
Identify vaginal candidiasis
Cottage cheese - non-offensive
71
Treatment vaginal candidiasis
1) Oral fluconazole
72
Common cause encephalitis
HSV 1
73
Treatment encephaltiis
IV aciclovir if suspected
74
Identify infectious mononucleosis
Classic triad:
- sore throat
- lymphadenopathy
- pyrexia
75
Never take in infectious mononucleosis
Amoxicillin - rash
76
Diagnosis infectious mononucleosis
Antibody test (monospot test)
77
Treatment infectious mononucleosis
Rest and analgesia
| Avoid contact sport 4w
78
Treatment influenza
Supportive
| Oral oseltamavir if risk complication
79
Identify staph toxic shock syndrome
Fever
Hypotension
Diffuse rash
80
Treatment lyme disease
Deoxycycline
81
Assess risk in sepsis
qSOFA:
- RR>22
- altered mental
- systolic BP <100
82
Sepsis 6
```
Take:
- blood lactate
- blood cultures
- urine output
Give:
- oxygen
- broad antibiotics
- IV fluids
```
83
Diagnose chlamydia
Nuclear acid amplication test (NAATs):
- woman vulvovaginal swab
- men first void urine sample
84
Treatment chlamydia
1) Deoxycycline
| 2) Azithromycin in pregnancy
85
Gonorrhoea bacteria
Gram negative diplococci (neisseria gonorrhoea)
86
Identify disseminated gonorrhoea
Classic triad:
- tenosynovitis
- migratory polyarthritis
- dermatitis (rash)
87
Treatment gonorrhoea
1) IM ceftriaxone single dose
| 2) Oral cefaxime and oral azithromycin single dose
88
Syphillis cause
Treponema pallidum - spirocete
89
Identify syphillis
Primary - painless single ulcer and non-tender lymphadnopathy
Secondary - skin and mucous membrane involvement
Tertiary - many organs
90
Diagnose syphillis
Antibody testing
91
+ve non-Treponema and +ve Treponema
Active infection
92
+ve non-Treponema and -ve Treponema
False positive
93
-ve non-Treponema and +ve Treponema
Successfully treated
94
Treatment syphillis
IM benzylpenicillin
95
Identify herpes
Multiple painful ulcers
| Tender lymphadenopathy
96
Treatment herpes
Aciclovir
97
Diagnose herpes
NAAT
98
Identify trichonomas vaginalis
Offensive discharge - green
| Strawberry cervix
99
Diagnose trichonomas vaginalis
Miscroscopy - mobile trophozites
100
Treatment trichonomas vaginalis
Oral metronidazole 7d
101
Cause bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis
102
Identify bacterial vaginosis
Fishy discharge
103
Clue cells
Bacterial vaginosis
104
Treatment bacterial vaginosis
Oral metronidazole
105
Treatment genital warts
Multiple - topical podophylum
| Single - cryotherapy
106
Identify chancroid
Painful ulcers with sharp borders
| Unilateral painful lymphadenopathy
107
Identify dengue
Retro-orbital headache
| Thrombocytopenia
108
EBV associated malignancy
Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharangeal carcinoma
109
Diagnose legionella
Urinary antigen
110
Diagnose mycoplasma
Serology
111
Identify leptospirosis
Often farmer or sewage worker
| AKI and hepatitis
112
Identify ly,phogranuloma venereum
HIV and proctatitis
113
Causes false negative montoux
Immunosuppresion
| Sarcoidosis
114
Identify mumps
Parotitis, pain on eating
115
Cause necrotising fascitis
Strep pyogenes
116
Identify schistosomiasis
Haematuria and hepatomegaly
| Risk for SCC bladder cancer
117
Identify rubella
Prodrome fever then rash on face
Then spreads to rest of body
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
118
Live attenuated vaccines
```
BCG
MMR
Intranasal influenza
Rotovirus
Polio
```
119
Post splenectomy sepsis
Haemophilus influenza
120
Central line bacteria
Staph epidermidis
121
Infection after renal transplant
CMV
122
Latest time for HIV prophylaxis
72h post exposure
