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Finals - Systems Paper > Infection/Sexual Health > Flashcards

Infection/Sexual Health Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment cellulitis

A

Mild - flucloxacillin, doxycycline if allergic, macrolide if pregnancy
Severe - co-amox

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2
Q

Identify giardiasis

A

Prolonged incubation

Non-bloody floating stool

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3
Q

Treatment giardiasis gastroenteritis

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

Identify shigella gastroenteritis

A

Blood diarhoea with pain

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

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5
Q

Identify e-coli gastroenteritis

A

Common travellers

Watery stool

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6
Q

Treatment shigella gastroenteritis

A

Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

Identify staph aureus gastroenteritis

A

Short incubation

Severe vomiting

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8
Q

Identify compylobacter gastroenteritis

A

Flu like prodrome then crampy pain

Maybe blood diarrhoea

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9
Q

Treatment compylobacter gastroenteritis

A

Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin

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10
Q

Identify ameobiasis gastroenteritis

A

Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea

Abdominal pain lasts several weeks

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11
Q

Onset salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Short incubation

Watery diarrhoea, maybe blood/mucous

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12
Q

gastroenteritis cause if <6h

A

Staph aureus or bacillis

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13
Q

gastroenteritis if 12h to 2d

A

Salmonella or ecoli

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14
Q

gastroenteritis if 2 to 3d

A

Shigella or compylobacter

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15
Q

gastroenteritis if >7d

A

Giardiasis or ameobiasis

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16
Q

Treatment shingles

A

1) Aciclovir if <3d onset and analgesia

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17
Q

Antibiotics treat MRSA

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Linezolid

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18
Q

Diagnosis HIV

A 
Combination test (p24 antigen and antibody)
Repeated if positive
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19
Q

Testing asymptomatic HIV

A

Done 4w after exposure then 3m after this

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20
Q

Treatment HIV

A

2 nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and either protease inhibitor (PI) or non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

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21
Q

Antibiotics in HIV

A

Co-trimoxazole if CD4 < 200

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22
Q

Cause HIV diarrhoea

A

Cryptosporodium most common

CMV

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23
Q

Treatment HIV oesophageal candidiasis

A

1) Fluconazole or itraconazole

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24
Q

Cause kaposi sarcoma

A

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8)

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25
Q

Treatment kaposi sarcoma

A

Radiotherapy and resection

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26
Q

Treatment pneumocystitis jeroveci pneumonia

A

Co-trimoxazole

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27
Q

Identify toxoplasmosis HIV lesion

A

Multiple lesions, ring enhances, SPECT -ve

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28
Q

Identify primary CNS lymphoma HIV lesion

A

Single lesion, solid enhancement, SPECT +ve

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29
Q

Identify TB HIV brain lesion

A

Single enhancing lesion

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30
Q

Identify cryptococcus HIV brain lesion

A

Meningeal enhancement
Cerebral oedema
India ink +ve

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31
Q

Identify encephalitis HIV

A

Oedematous brain, caused by CMV or HIV

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32
Q

Identify progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

Widespread demyelination due to JC virus
Really low CD4
Subacute behaviour changes

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33
Q

4Cs of C Diff

A

Ciprofloxacin
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Cephalosporin

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34
Q

Severity C Diff

A

Mild - normal WCC
Moderate - WCC < 15
Severe - WCC > 15 or AKI or temp or severe colitis
Life threatening - hypotension, toxic megacolon, ileus

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35
Q

C Diff diangosis

A

CD toxin in stools

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36
Q

Treatment C Diff first episode

A

1) Oral vancomycin 10d

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37
Q

Treatment recurrent C Diff

A

Within 12h:

1) Fidaxomycin

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38
Q

Treatment life threatening C Diff

A

1) Oral vancomycin and IV metronidazole

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39
Q

Recognise enteric fever

A

Caused by salmonella typhi
Rose spots
Relative bradycardia

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40
Q

Recognise bacillis

A

Associated rice
First 6h - vomiting
Second 6h - diarrhoea

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41
Q

Treatment bacillis

A

1) Supportive, usually resolves 24h

2) Vancomycin if antibiotic needed

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42
Q

Recognise malaria

A

Jaundice
Fever which comes and goes
Hepatosplenomegaly

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43
Q

Diagnose malaria

A

Blood film - 3 samples over 3d

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44
Q

Treatment falciparum malaria

A

IV artesunate

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45
Q

Prophylaxis malaria

A

Proguanil and atovaquone (Malarone) 2 days before and 1w after

Deoxycycline taken 2d before and 4w after

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46
Q

Treatment non-falciparum malaria

A

Chloroquine

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47
Q

Meningitis cause <3m

A

Group B strep

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48
Q

Meningitis cause 3m-60y

A

Neiserria meningitis

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49
Q

Meningitis cause >60y

A

Strep pneumonia

50
Q

Meningitis viral cause

A

Enterovirus - coxsacie, echovirus are most common

HSV and VZV also

51
Q

Diagnose menignitis

A

LP if no signs raised ICP

52
Q

Treatment menigntis <3m

A

IV cefotaxime and amoxicillin

53
Q

Treatment meningitis 3m-50y

A

IV ceftriaxone

54
Q

Treatment meningitis >50y

A

IV ceftriaxone and amoxicillin

55
Q

Always give with antibiotics for meningitis

A

IV dexamethasone

56
Q

Meningitis prophylaxis

A

Oral ciprofloxacin

57
Q

Staining for TB

A

Ziel-Neelson stain (bright red)

58
Q

Screening latent TB

A

Mantoux test

59
Q

Treatment TB

A

RIPE:

  • rifampicin and isonizid 6m
  • pyrazinumide and ethambutol 2m
60
Q

Rifampicin adverse

A

Orange secretions

61
Q

Isoniazid adverse

A

Peripheral neuropathy

62
Q

Pyrazinamide adverse

A

Gout

63
Q

Ethambutol adverse

A

Optic neuritis

64
Q

Treatment UTI woman

A

uncomplicated - trimethoprim or nitrofuranoin 3d

Complicated or renal - 5 to 10d

65
Q

Treatment UTI pregnant woman

A

1) Nitrofurantoin 7d

2) Amoxicillin or cefalaxin

66
Q

Treatment UTI men

A

1) Same as non-pregnant woman but 7d

67
Q

Common cause pyelonephritis

A

E. Coli

68
Q

Diagnose brain abscess

A

CT scan

69
Q

Treatment brain abscess

A

3rd gen cephalosporin and metronidazole

Dexamethasone for ICP

70
Q

Identify vaginal candidiasis

A

Cottage cheese - non-offensive

71
Q

Treatment vaginal candidiasis

A

1) Oral fluconazole

72
Q

Common cause encephalitis

A

HSV 1

73
Q

Treatment encephaltiis

A

IV aciclovir if suspected

74
Q

Identify infectious mononucleosis

A

Classic triad:

  • sore throat
  • lymphadenopathy
  • pyrexia
75
Q

Never take in infectious mononucleosis

A

Amoxicillin - rash

76
Q

Diagnosis infectious mononucleosis

A

Antibody test (monospot test)

77
Q

Treatment infectious mononucleosis

A

Rest and analgesia

Avoid contact sport 4w

78
Q

Treatment influenza

A

Supportive

Oral oseltamavir if risk complication

79
Q

Identify staph toxic shock syndrome

A

Fever
Hypotension
Diffuse rash

80
Q

Treatment lyme disease

A

Deoxycycline

81
Q

Assess risk in sepsis

A

qSOFA:

  • RR>22
  • altered mental
  • systolic BP <100
82
Q

Sepsis 6

A 
Take:
- blood lactate
- blood cultures
- urine output
Give:
- oxygen
- broad antibiotics
- IV fluids
83
Q

Diagnose chlamydia

A

Nuclear acid amplication test (NAATs):

  • woman vulvovaginal swab
  • men first void urine sample
84
Q

Treatment chlamydia

A

1) Deoxycycline

2) Azithromycin in pregnancy

85
Q

Gonorrhoea bacteria

A

Gram negative diplococci (neisseria gonorrhoea)

86
Q

Identify disseminated gonorrhoea

A

Classic triad:

  • tenosynovitis
  • migratory polyarthritis
  • dermatitis (rash)
87
Q

Treatment gonorrhoea

A

1) IM ceftriaxone single dose

2) Oral cefaxime and oral azithromycin single dose

88
Q

Syphillis cause

A

Treponema pallidum - spirocete

89
Q

Identify syphillis

A

Primary - painless single ulcer and non-tender lymphadnopathy
Secondary - skin and mucous membrane involvement
Tertiary - many organs

90
Q

Diagnose syphillis

A

Antibody testing

91
Q

+ve non-Treponema and +ve Treponema

A

Active infection

92
Q

+ve non-Treponema and -ve Treponema

A

False positive

93
Q

-ve non-Treponema and +ve Treponema

A

Successfully treated

94
Q

Treatment syphillis

A

IM benzylpenicillin

95
Q

Identify herpes

A

Multiple painful ulcers

Tender lymphadenopathy

96
Q

Treatment herpes

A

Aciclovir

97
Q

Diagnose herpes

A

NAAT

98
Q

Identify trichonomas vaginalis

A

Offensive discharge - green

Strawberry cervix

99
Q

Diagnose trichonomas vaginalis

A

Miscroscopy - mobile trophozites

100
Q

Treatment trichonomas vaginalis

A

Oral metronidazole 7d

101
Q

Cause bacterial vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

102
Q

Identify bacterial vaginosis

A

Fishy discharge

103
Q

Clue cells

A

Bacterial vaginosis

104
Q

Treatment bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral metronidazole

105
Q

Treatment genital warts

A

Multiple - topical podophylum

Single - cryotherapy

106
Q

Identify chancroid

A

Painful ulcers with sharp borders

Unilateral painful lymphadenopathy

107
Q

Identify dengue

A

Retro-orbital headache

Thrombocytopenia

108
Q

EBV associated malignancy

A

Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharangeal carcinoma

109
Q

Diagnose legionella

A

Urinary antigen

110
Q

Diagnose mycoplasma

A

Serology

111
Q

Identify leptospirosis

A

Often farmer or sewage worker

AKI and hepatitis

112
Q

Identify ly,phogranuloma venereum

A

HIV and proctatitis

113
Q

Causes false negative montoux

A

Immunosuppresion

Sarcoidosis

114
Q

Identify mumps

A

Parotitis, pain on eating

115
Q

Cause necrotising fascitis

A

Strep pyogenes

116
Q

Identify schistosomiasis

A

Haematuria and hepatomegaly

Risk for SCC bladder cancer

117
Q

Identify rubella

A

Prodrome fever then rash on face
Then spreads to rest of body
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy

118
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A 
BCG
MMR
Intranasal influenza
Rotovirus
Polio
119
Q

Post splenectomy sepsis

A

Haemophilus influenza

120
Q

Central line bacteria

A

Staph epidermidis

121
Q

Infection after renal transplant

A

CMV

122
Q

Latest time for HIV prophylaxis

A

72h post exposure

Finals - Systems Paper (20 decks)

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