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Finals - Systems Paper > ENT/Dermatology/Opthalmology/Haematology > Flashcards

ENT/Dermatology/Opthalmology/Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Identify cataract

A

Gradual

Haloes around lights

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2
Q

Identify keratitis

A

Painful red eye

Gritty sensation

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3
Q

Identify acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Severe pain and reduced vision
Halos around light
Dilated non-reacting pupil

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4
Q

Treatment acute closure glaucoma

A

Laser peripheral iridiotomy

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5
Q

Identify primary open angle glaucoma

A

Peripheral visual field loss

Disc cupping

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6
Q

Treatment primary open angle glaucoma

A

1) Prostaglandin analogue eyedrop

2) Beta blocker, carbonic ahydrose inhibitor or sympathetic eye drops

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7
Q

Identify central retinal artery occlusion

A

Sudden unilateral vision loss

Cherry red spot and pupillary defect

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8
Q

Identify anterior uveritis

A

Painful red eye
Small pupils
Pus in chamber

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9
Q

Identify age related macular degeneration

A

Gradual onset central visual loss

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10
Q

Identify optic neuritis

A

Worse colour vision

Pupillary defect

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11
Q

Identify retinal detachment

A

New floaters

Sudden painless progressive visual field loss - curtain

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12
Q

Treatment ottitis external

A

1) Topical flucloxacillin and steroid

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13
Q

Organism otittis media

A

Haemophilus influenza

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14
Q

Treatment otittis media

A

1) Amoxicillin if <2y, systemically unwell or perforation

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15
Q

Identify menieres

A

Recurrent vertigo lasting minutes to hours

Sensation of pressure

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16
Q

Treatment menieres

A

Acute - prochlorperazine

Prevention - vestibular rehabillitation exercises

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17
Q

Treatment sinusitis

A

Intranasal corticosteroids if >10d

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18
Q

Identify viral labrynthitis

A

History bug

Vertigo and hearing loss

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19
Q

Treatment viral labrinthitis

A

Prochlorperzine

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20
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

TAILS:

  • thalasaemia
  • anaemia of chronic disease
  • iron deficiency
  • lead poisoning
  • siderblastic
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21
Q

Normocytic anaemia

A

3As 2Cs:

  • acute blood loss
  • of chronic disease
  • aplastic
  • haemolytic anaemia
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22
Q

Macrocytic anaemia

A

Megaloblastic:
- B12/folate

Normoblastic:

  • alcohol
  • liver disease
  • reticulocytosis
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23
Q

Identify haemochromatosis

A

Bronze skin
Liver disease
Erectile dysfunction

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24
Q

Diagnose haemochromatosis

A

Transferrin saturation

25
Q

Haemophilia coagulation

A

Increased APTT, normal everything else

26
Q

Identify AML

A

Typically elderly

Bone marrrow failure - anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

27
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

28
Q

t (15, 17)

A

AML

29
Q

Identify CML

A

Younger than AML
Increased WCC
Granulocytes at different stages development
Splenomegaly

30
Q

t (9, 22)

A

CML

31
Q

Identify ALL

A

Children

Bone marrow failure - anaemia, neutropenia, throbocytopenia

32
Q

Identify CLL

A

Most common leukaemia in adults

Lymphocytosis

33
Q

Richters transformation

A

CLL to high grade lymphoma

34
Q

Reed sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

35
Q

Identify burkitts lymphoma

A

EBV, malaria and HIV
Starry sky
t (8, 14)

36
Q

Treatment polycythaemia

A

Aspirin for VTE prevention

Venesection

37
Q

Diagnose sickle cell

A

Haemoglobin electrophoresis

38
Q

Identify sequestrian crises

A

Sickling within organs

Anaemia and increased reticulocyte count

39
Q

Identify aplastic crises

A

Infection with parovirus

Anaemia and decreased reticulocyte count

40
Q

Identify G6PD deficiency

A

Neonatal jaundice
Heinz bodies
Spenomegaly

41
Q

Diagnose G6PD deficiency

A

G6PD enzyme assay 3 months after episode

42
Q

Identify hereditory spherocytosis

A

Neonatal jaundice and failure to thrive
Splenomegaly
Spherocytes

43
Q

Diagnose hereditory spherocytosis

A

EMA binding test

44
Q

Blood profile in vit K deficiency

A

Increased APTT and PT

Normal bleeding time

45
Q

Identify graft v host disease

A

Within 100d

Painful rash

46
Q

Blood profile in vWD

A

Prolong bleeding time

Rest normal, APTT maybe prolonged

47
Q

Anaphylaxis doses

A

6m to 6y - 150 micrograms
6y - 12y - 300micrograms
>12y - 500 micrograms

48
Q

Eczema treatment

A

Maintanence - emolients

Flares - thicker emollients and topical steroids

49
Q

Treat infection in eczema

A

Flucloxacillin - staph aureus

50
Q

Treatment eczema herpeticum

A

IV aciclovir

51
Q

Treatment chronic plaque psoriasis

A

1) Topical potent corticosteroid and vit D analogue OD 4w
2) Vit D 2x
3) Corticosteroid 2x
4) Phototherapy or methotrexate - secondary care

52
Q

Treatment scalp psoriasis

A

1) Topical corticosteroid

53
Q

Treatment face or flexor psoriasis

A

1) Topical mild corticosteroid only 2w

54
Q

Treatment acne

A

1) Topical benzoyl peroxidase or retinoid
2) Doxycycline and benzoyl peroxidase/retinoid
3) Oran retinoid by specialist

55
Q

Acne long term topical antibiotic

A

High dose oral tetracyclines

56
Q

Most common melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

57
Q

Most aggresive melanoma

A

Nodular

58
Q

Melanoma in black people

A

Acral lentignous

59
Q

Scabies treatment

A

1) Permethin 5%

Finals - Systems Paper (20 decks)

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