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pathophysiology > respiratory 1 > Flashcards

respiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some parts of the upper respiratory?

A

mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

what includes the lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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3
Q

how is gas exchanged through the body?

A

hemoglobin carries o2 through the body and it is then dissolved in tissues or other body fluids

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4
Q

what is ventilation?

A

when air is exchanged to the alveoli

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5
Q

what is perfusion?

A

when blood flow is exchanged to the alveoli

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6
Q

what are the types of infections of the respiratory system?

A

viral and bacterial

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7
Q

what are some ways we can treat infections of the respiratory system?

A

antipyretics, antibiotics, antivirals, etc

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8
Q

what is viral rhinitis?

A

the common cold

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9
Q

what are some manifestations of viral rhinitis?

A

sneezing, coughing, fever, headache

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10
Q

what is viral rhinitis usually caused by?

A

rhinovirus

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11
Q

what is rhinosinitus?

A

inflammation of the sinuses due to a virus, bacteria, or fungi

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12
Q

what are some manifestations of rhinosinitus?

A

facial pain, congestion, fever, sore throat

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13
Q

how are we going to diagnose viral rhinitus and rhinosinitus?

A

history, physical examination, xray

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14
Q

what is laryngitis?

A

inflammation of the larynx

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15
Q

what is going to be a major cause of laryngitis?

A

infection

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16
Q

how does laryngitis manifest?

A

hoarseness, sore throat, cough, difficulty breathing

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17
Q

how do we diagnose laryngitis?

A

history, physical assessment, cbc, laryngoscopy

18
Q

what is coup?

A

a common laryngeal viral infection in children

19
Q

how does coup manifest in children?

A

hoarsness, seal like coughing, dyspnea

20
Q

how do we diagnose coup?

A

history, physical, arterial blood gasses, complete blood gasses

21
Q

how do we treat coup?

A

humidity, corticosteroids, bronchodilators

22
Q

what is influenza?

A

a viral infection that affects the upper and lower respiratory tract

23
Q

how many types of flu are there?

A

3, with a being the most severe and c being the least common

24
Q

when is flu season in the united states?

A

october-march

25
Q

what are manifestations of the flu?

A

fever, headache, cough, headache

26
Q

how do we prevent the flu

A

get your vaccine, wash your hands

26
Q

what are manifestations of bronchitis?

A

low grade fever, dyspnea, cough, wheezing

26
Q

what are the causes of bronchitis?

A

bacterial, viral, inhalant caused

26
Q

what is pnumonia?

A

inflammation of the lung tissue (alveoli)

26
Q

how do we diagnose bronchitis?

A

history, physical, x ray

26
Q

what re the causes of pneumonia?

A

viral (mild cases but can become severe), bacterial (most common with 75 percent of cases being bacterial), and aspiration (when fluid seeps into the lungs from ingestion)

27
Q

what are some complications with pneumonia?

A

pulmonary edema, lung abcess, acute respiratory distress syndrome

28
Q

what are manifestations of pneumonia?

A

cough, fatigue, crackles, dyspnea

29
Q

how do we diagnose pneumonia?

A

physical, history, chest x ray

30
Q

how to prevent and treat pneumonia?

A

hand washing, vaccination, bronchodilators, intubation, antibiotics

31
Q

what bacteria causes tuberculosis?

A

myobacterium tuberculosis

32
Q

what are some manifestations of tuberculosis?

A

chills, night sweats, unexplained weight loss

33
Q

how do we diagnose tuberculosis?

A

skin test, chest x ray, antimicrobial treatment for 6 months

34
Q

how contagious is tuberculosis?

A

very. it is airborne

35
Q
A

pathophysiology (12 decks)

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