genetics

Question 1

describe what a chromosome is

Answer 1

it contains genetic material which is needed for reproduction

Question 2

what is a gene?

Answer 2

a set of nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 3

what is the range for base pairs?

Answer 3

100-200k

Question 4

what is genetics?

Answer 4

genetics is the study of inheritance

Question 5

what is a phenotype?

Answer 5

the physical expression of a persons genes

Question 6

what is a genetic mutation?

Answer 6

the alteration of genetic makeup of a person

Question 7

true/false: things like radiation and chemicals are classified as mutagens

Answer 7

true
rationale: a mutagen is anything that can cause an alteration in genetic makeup

Question 8

during inheritance, an individual receives how many alleles?

Answer 8

2
rationale: for each gene, there is 2 alleles which represent specific genes

Question 9

what does homogeneous mean?

Answer 9

receiving the same allele from each parent

Question 10

what does heterogeneous mean?

Answer 10

when there are different alleles from each parent that are received

Question 11

when alleles are expressed, one will be ___ and one will be ____.

Answer 11

dominant/recessive

Question 12

if both parents pass on a recessive gene to the offspring, what happens to the phenotypical expression?

Answer 12

the recessive gene will be expressed

Question 13

what does it mean for a disease to be congenital?

Answer 13

to be present at birth

Question 14

describe autosomal dominant

Answer 14

when one parent, affected with the heterozygous expression, will pass on the dominant expression and there will be a 50 percent chance of expression
ex: Dd,Dd,dd,dd

Question 15

what are some clinical manifestations for marfans syndrome?

Answer 15

incredibly tall, long extremities, stretched out aorta

Question 16

what is autosomal recessive?

Answer 16

when both parents pass on the recessive trait in an offspring. this is only going to be homogeneous. Heterozygous individuals are carriers
ex: Dd (carrier),Dd(carrier), DD(unaffected), dd(affected)

Question 17

describe taysach’s disease

Answer 17

a mutation of a gene that codes for the process of breaking down lipids

Question 18

what is a multifactorial disease?

Answer 18

when the environment interacts with genetics to have a mutation in an offspring

Question 19

what is the cause of chromosomal disorders?

Answer 19

environmental factors