neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack

A

a mini stroke that causes neurological deficits that can last 1 hour to 24 hours

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2
Q

what are some causes for a TIA

A

cerebral artery narrowing, occlusion, or damage

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3
Q

what are risk factors for a TIA

A

smoking, drug usage, old age, diabetes, etc

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4
Q

what is a cerebral vascular accident?

A

a stroke

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5
Q

what is a stroke?

A

inadequate blood supply to the cerebral area

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of strokes ?

A

ischemic (occlusion), and hemmorhagic (rupture)

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7
Q

what are some manifestations of TIA and CVA?

A

muscle weakness, aphasia, dysphasia, loss of conciousness, etc

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8
Q

what is a cerebral anurysym?

A

a localised petrusion of the cerebral artery

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9
Q

what are some causes of a cerebral anurysym?

A

cogentital defects, hypertension, tbi

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10
Q

what are some manifestations of a cerebral anurysym?

A

extreme headache, nausea

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11
Q

what is the difference between seizure and epilepsy?

A

seizure is behavior resulting from abnormal brain activity, epilepsy is a seizure disorder (multiple seizures)

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12
Q

what are some causes of siezures and epilepsy?

A

abnormal firing of neurons, secondary effects to tbi, drug and alcohol usage

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13
Q

what is a focal siezure?

A

a siezure that affects just one part of the brain and lasts only a few seconds

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14
Q

what is a generalized siezure?

A

when both sides of the brain are affected by the siezure, after the individual will expierience things like drowsiness and iritability

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15
Q

what is multiple sclerosis?

A

demyelination of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves

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16
Q

what is the age range for MS

A

20-40 y/o

17
Q

what are manifestations for MS?

A

fatigue, abnormal sensations in areas, paralysis

18
Q

what is parkinsons disease?

A

a progressive disorder that results from damage to the brain

19
Q

what is the main lack of substance that is causing the parkinsons?

A

dopamine

20
Q

what are manifestations of parkinsons?

A

dysphagia, trouble walking, tremors

21
Q

what is ALS?

A

damage to the upper motor neurons of the cerebral cortex

22
Q

what are manifestations of ALS?

A

slurred speech, clumsiness, efficacy swallowing

23
Q

how does ALS progress in severity?

A

little to then a lot

24
Q

what is huntingtons disease?

A

autoimmune disorder that causes degeneration of neurons in the brain

25
Q

is there a cure for huntington’s ?

A

no. and it is fatal

26
Q

when do people usually become diagnosed with huntington’s ?

A

30-40 y/o

27
Q

what are some manifestations of huntingtons?

A

iritability, agression, dementia, jerky movements, twitching, uneven gait

28
Q

what is dementia?

A

a group of conditions that affects cognitive skills

29
Q

what causes dementia?

A

vascular disease, toxins, genetics

30
Q

what is alzheimers?

A

the most common form of dementia, where the brain tissue degenrates

31
Q

what are some risk factors of alzhheimers?

A

family history, smoking, drinking, diabetes, TBI

32
Q

what are some manifestations of alzheimers?

A

loss of memory, cant find right words, loss of judgement

33
Q

what is a brain tumor?

A

term for cancers that can be benign or malignant

34
Q

are most brain tumos primary or secondary?

A

they are secondary to other things like colon, breast, lung cancer

35
Q

what are manifestations of brain tumors?

A

headaches, nausea, vision problems, speech problems, uneasy gait