neuro 2 Flashcards
what is a transient ischemic attack
a mini stroke that causes neurological deficits that can last 1 hour to 24 hours
what are some causes for a TIA
cerebral artery narrowing, occlusion, or damage
what are risk factors for a TIA
smoking, drug usage, old age, diabetes, etc
what is a cerebral vascular accident?
a stroke
what is a stroke?
inadequate blood supply to the cerebral area
what are the 2 types of strokes ?
ischemic (occlusion), and hemmorhagic (rupture)
what are some manifestations of TIA and CVA?
muscle weakness, aphasia, dysphasia, loss of conciousness, etc
what is a cerebral anurysym?
a localised petrusion of the cerebral artery
what are some causes of a cerebral anurysym?
cogentital defects, hypertension, tbi
what are some manifestations of a cerebral anurysym?
extreme headache, nausea
what is the difference between seizure and epilepsy?
seizure is behavior resulting from abnormal brain activity, epilepsy is a seizure disorder (multiple seizures)
what are some causes of siezures and epilepsy?
abnormal firing of neurons, secondary effects to tbi, drug and alcohol usage
what is a focal siezure?
a siezure that affects just one part of the brain and lasts only a few seconds
what is a generalized siezure?
when both sides of the brain are affected by the siezure, after the individual will expierience things like drowsiness and iritability
what is multiple sclerosis?
demyelination of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
what is the age range for MS
20-40 y/o
what are manifestations for MS?
fatigue, abnormal sensations in areas, paralysis
what is parkinsons disease?
a progressive disorder that results from damage to the brain
what is the main lack of substance that is causing the parkinsons?
dopamine
what are manifestations of parkinsons?
dysphagia, trouble walking, tremors
what is ALS?
damage to the upper motor neurons of the cerebral cortex
what are manifestations of ALS?
slurred speech, clumsiness, efficacy swallowing
how does ALS progress in severity?
little to then a lot
what is huntingtons disease?
autoimmune disorder that causes degeneration of neurons in the brain
is there a cure for huntington’s ?
no. and it is fatal
when do people usually become diagnosed with huntington’s ?
30-40 y/o
what are some manifestations of huntingtons?
iritability, agression, dementia, jerky movements, twitching, uneven gait
what is dementia?
a group of conditions that affects cognitive skills
what causes dementia?
vascular disease, toxins, genetics
what is alzheimers?
the most common form of dementia, where the brain tissue degenrates
what are some risk factors of alzhheimers?
family history, smoking, drinking, diabetes, TBI
what are some manifestations of alzheimers?
loss of memory, cant find right words, loss of judgement
what is a brain tumor?
term for cancers that can be benign or malignant
are most brain tumos primary or secondary?
they are secondary to other things like colon, breast, lung cancer
what are manifestations of brain tumors?
headaches, nausea, vision problems, speech problems, uneasy gait
