immunity

Question 1

true/false: the body is constantly under attack from microbes

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what controls the body’s immune system?

Answer 2

itself
rationale: the immune system is self regulating and self limiting

Question 3

the 2 actions that the immune system does is ____ and ____.

Answer 3

defense and attacking

Question 4

Is innate immunity specific or nonspecific?

Answer 4

nonspecific

Question 5

for innate immunity, can it distinguish self from non-self?

Answer 5

yes it can distinguish

Question 6

can innate immunity distinguish pathogens ?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what are some barriers for innate immunity?

Answer 7

skin and mucous membranes

Question 8

what happens during an inflammatory response?

Answer 8

mast cells trigger a vascular response and this causes the inflammatory manifestations such as pain, edema, redness, heat, etc

Question 9

what is the purpose of a pyrogen?

Answer 9

to create a fever like state that makes it hard for bacterial growth

Question 10

is the fever caused by a pyrogen severe or not severe?

Answer 10

this fever is going to be very severe. life threatening in fact

Question 11

what is an interferon?

Answer 11

cells that are released from infected cells, migrate to nearby uninfected cells, thus causing the virus to not be able to replicate

Question 12

what is a compliment protein?

Answer 12

a plasma membrane that enhances antibodies.
rationale: this starts the cascade response to an inflammatory response

Question 13

true/false: adaptive immunity is nonspecific

Answer 13

false
rationale: adaptive immunity is specific and develops over time

Question 14

what can adaptive immunity distinguish?

Answer 14

self and non self, PATHOGENS !!
remember that innate does NOT distinguish pathogens

Question 15

where are t cells made?

Answer 15

in the bone marrow

Question 16

what is the purpose of a t cell?

Answer 16

to recognize antigens and start the process of elimination

Question 17

is type 1 hypersensitivity immediate or later?

Answer 17

immediate

Question 18

true/false: ige mediated hypersensitivity can be local or systemic

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are some clinical manifestations of type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 19

allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylaxis

Question 20

is type 2 hypersensitivity immediate or delayed?

Answer 20

immediately

Question 21

what is the process behind a type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 21

igg/igm antibodies bind to the individuals own cells, this in fact tags it for destruction

Question 22

describe the process of cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 22

after the process of phagocytosis, the cells are lysed

Question 23

what is a clinical manifestation for type 2 reactions?

Answer 23

blood agglutination

Question 24

is type 3 hypersensitivity is immideate or delayed? is it localized or systemic?

Answer 24

delayed, localized AND systemic

Question 25

what is the physiological process of a type 3 reaction?

Answer 25

cells accumulate in tissues and this causes the inflammatory response

Question 26

what is the physiological process behind type 4 hypersensitivity?

Answer 26

primary contact is made with the skin, memory t cells are made, the subsequent exposure, the t cells release the inflammatory response

Question 27

is type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by antibody response?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

true/false: donors who donate to themselves have the most successful reaction outcomes

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is the time frame for a hyper-acute organ rejection?

Answer 29

1-3 days after transplant

Question 30

what is the time frame for acute rejections?

Answer 30

4 days-3months

Question 31

which is more common in transplant rejections hyperacute or acute?

Answer 31

acute

Question 32

what is the disease process behind lupus?

Answer 32

connective tissue becomes inflamed, usually due to chronic stress factors

Question 33

what is the treatment going to look like for lupus patients?

Answer 33

NSAIDS, antimalarials, etc

Question 34

what is an immunodeficiency?

Answer 34

a weakened or absent response to infection