immunity Flashcards
true/false: the body is constantly under attack from microbes
true
what controls the body’s immune system?
itself
rationale: the immune system is self regulating and self limiting
the 2 actions that the immune system does is ____ and ____.
defense and attacking
Is innate immunity specific or nonspecific?
nonspecific
for innate immunity, can it distinguish self from non-self?
yes it can distinguish
can innate immunity distinguish pathogens ?
no
what are some barriers for innate immunity?
skin and mucous membranes
what happens during an inflammatory response?
mast cells trigger a vascular response and this causes the inflammatory manifestations such as pain, edema, redness, heat, etc
what is the purpose of a pyrogen?
to create a fever like state that makes it hard for bacterial growth
is the fever caused by a pyrogen severe or not severe?
this fever is going to be very severe. life threatening in fact
what is an interferon?
cells that are released from infected cells, migrate to nearby uninfected cells, thus causing the virus to not be able to replicate
what is a compliment protein?
a plasma membrane that enhances antibodies.
rationale: this starts the cascade response to an inflammatory response
true/false: adaptive immunity is nonspecific
false
rationale: adaptive immunity is specific and develops over time
what can adaptive immunity distinguish?
self and non self, PATHOGENS !!
remember that innate does NOT distinguish pathogens
where are t cells made?
in the bone marrow
what is the purpose of a t cell?
to recognize antigens and start the process of elimination
is type 1 hypersensitivity immediate or later?
immediate
true/false: ige mediated hypersensitivity can be local or systemic
true
what are some clinical manifestations of type 1 hypersensitivity?
allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylaxis
is type 2 hypersensitivity immediate or delayed?
immediately
what is the process behind a type 2 hypersensitivity?
igg/igm antibodies bind to the individuals own cells, this in fact tags it for destruction
describe the process of cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity
after the process of phagocytosis, the cells are lysed
what is a clinical manifestation for type 2 reactions?
blood agglutination
is type 3 hypersensitivity is immideate or delayed? is it localized or systemic?
delayed, localized AND systemic
what is the physiological process of a type 3 reaction?
cells accumulate in tissues and this causes the inflammatory response
what is the physiological process behind type 4 hypersensitivity?
primary contact is made with the skin, memory t cells are made, the subsequent exposure, the t cells release the inflammatory response
is type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by antibody response?
no
true/false: donors who donate to themselves have the most successful reaction outcomes
true
what is the time frame for a hyper-acute organ rejection?
1-3 days after transplant
what is the time frame for acute rejections?
4 days-3months
which is more common in transplant rejections hyperacute or acute?
acute
what is the disease process behind lupus?
connective tissue becomes inflamed, usually due to chronic stress factors
what is the treatment going to look like for lupus patients?
NSAIDS, antimalarials, etc
what is an immunodeficiency?
a weakened or absent response to infection
