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Applied psychology > Respiration hardware > Flashcards

Respiration hardware Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a peak expiratory flow meter used for?

A

It is used to assess airflow

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2
Q

A peak expiratory flow meter can be used in patients diagnosed with what?

A

asthma and

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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3
Q

What are the 5 types of biofeedback used to monitor clients’s breathing

A

1) Capnometric biofeedback
2) Incentive Inspirometer Biofeedback
3) Respiratory Biofeedback
4) Surface EMG biofeedback
5) Oximetry

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4
Q

How does ADHD stimulants affect respiration rate?

A

It increases respiration rate

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5
Q

How does anti-migraine drugs affect respiration rate?

A

It increases respiration rate

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6
Q

How does Ephedra affect respiration rate?

A

It increases respiration rate

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7
Q

How does sympathomimetics affect respiration?

A

It increases respiration rate

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8
Q

What are some common examples of sympathomimetics?

A

anti-asthma
caffeine
decongestive
appetite suppressants

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9
Q

How does Ethanol affect respiration rate?

A

decreases respiration rate

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10
Q

How does hypnotics affect respiration rate?

A

decreases respiration rate

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11
Q

What is the ideal partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

A

96%-98%

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12
Q

Why would we not want a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 99%?

A

Anything higher than 98% will cause more oxygen to be bound to the hemoglobin and it will not be released to be used by the body’s cells.

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13
Q

What is a Capnometric biofeedback?

A

A capnometer provides useful continuous information about end-tidal Carbon dioxide levels that supplements amplitude, pattern and respiration rate measurements supplied by a respiration sensor.

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14
Q

What is the goal of capnometric biofeedback training?

A

to achieve end-tidal carbon dioxide values between 35-45 mm Hg (or torr)

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15
Q

A reading of 36 mmHg corresponds to about ____% carbon dioxide in exhaled air

A

5%

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16
Q

Fried reported successful treatment using capnometric biofeedback for what syndrome?

A

hyperventilation syndrome

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17
Q

Capnometric biofeedback is useful in treating patients with what disorders?

A
  • Hyperventilation
  • asthma and
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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18
Q

What is the tracking test for a capnometer?

A

having client breathe shallowly and rapidly for 10 seconds. This should markedly decrease end-tidal carbon dioxide

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19
Q

When should the typical tracking test for a capnometer not be performed?

A

When your patient has been diagnosed with angina, epilepsy, or a panic disorder.

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20
Q

What is incentive inspirometer biofeedback?

A

Consist of a calibrated cylinder with a pistol that moves upward as the patient inhales and indicates the volume of air inhaled in a single breath (the incentive)

21
Q

Peper and Colleagues used incentive inspirometer feedback to train _____ patients to do what?

A

Asthma patients; to effortlessly increase inhalation volume

22
Q

What is the trick to inhaling large volumes of air?

A

To evacuate the lungs before the start of each breath and effortlessly ventilate the lungs by expanding the stomach during inhalation.

23
Q

Incentive inspirometer biofeedback can be used to treat patients with what?

A
  • Asthma
  • hyperventilation syndrome
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
24
Q

What is Respiratory biofeedback?

A

It involves a respirometer, which is a flexible sensor band placed around the chest, abdomen or both. It allows you to monitor changes in electrical resistance.

25
Q

Timmons showed that strain gauge biofeedback was what?

A

superior to visual observation.

26
Q

A respirometer is required to measure what?

A

The HRV time domain index HR Max- Hr Min and to determine your client’s resonance frequency.

27
Q

How is the HRV time domain index HR Max- HR min calculated?

A

By using the difference between the highest and lowest heart rates during each respiratory cycle

28
Q

When putting on respiratory band on client your client should _____ _____ and then slightly tighten the sensor band during the _____ ____.

A

Your client should completely exhale; slightly tighten the sensor band during the post-expiratory pause.

29
Q

A poorly attached respiratory band that loosens or comes off during the middle of inhalation can result in what?

A

signal clipping and can sharply change the signals offset on the screen .

30
Q

What is resonance frequency?

A

The rate at which an individual’s cardiovascular system can be stimulated by maneuvers like breathing or rhythmic muscle contraction to increase HRV.

31
Q

Capnometric biofeedback indirectly measures ____ saturation of the blood

A

CO2

32
Q

When you blow off CO2, your blood becomes what?

A

More basic/alkaline and pH increases

33
Q

How do designer jeans affect respiration?

A

Increases it because prevents your tummy from plopping out when inhaling. It hinders adequate breathing

34
Q

Hyperventilation can reduce end-tidal CO2 to ___%

A

2.5 % from 5%

35
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs where?

A

alveoli

36
Q

An incentive inspirometer provides feedback regarding what?

A

inhalation volume

37
Q

Respirometer amplitude and peak measurements are displayed in what type units?

A

Relative units rather than absolute units as in degrees C or F

38
Q

Why can respirometer biofeedback information NOT be compared across sessions?

A

The units that are measured are relative not absolute and the peak values depend on the exact placement of the band, stomach girth, the thickness of clothing under the band, and band tension so reliability across sessions is very low and can not be compared.

39
Q

What are the two limitations to respiratory biofeedback?

A

1) measurements are in relative units
2) numerical displays of abdominal amplitude and respiration rate can look correct while the end-tidal CO2 and HRV are reduced due to excessive effort, and while the HR changes are out of phase from breathing.

40
Q

How do you perform a tracking test for respiratory biofeedback?

A

Instruct your client to inhale and then exhale. Then check to see if display of abdominal excursion mirrors actual stomach movement.

41
Q

How can you manually check the accuracy of respiration rate measurement given by respiratory biofeedback?

A

You manually check client’s respiration rate (lightly place hands on the side of waist) and compare it to the respiration rate measurement given by the respirometer by counting the oscillations (mountains and valleys) in a signal.

42
Q

Surface EMG biofeedback for _____ muscles and ____ muscles have been used to treat asthma patients.

A

for accessory muscles and

facial muscles

43
Q

Peper and Tibbetts demonstrated that SEMG accesory muscle/incentive inspirometer biofeedback for ____ would do what?

A

for asthma; would reduce asthma symptoms, medication use, emergency room visits, and breathless episodes.

44
Q

What are common placements for SEMG biofeedback for treating asthma?

A

Actives placed over the trapezius and scalene while the reference over the spine.

45
Q

During clavical breathing there is an ____ of _____ muscles

A

overuse of accessory muscles

46
Q

Respiration sensors and SEMG biofeedback can be used for what?

A

To teach rhythmic breathing while maintaining relaxed accessory muscles.

47
Q

Oximetry bioffedback uses what?

A

A pulse oximeter utilizes a photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensor to measure blood oxygen saturation from a finger or earlobe.

48
Q

What is the ideal range for blood oxygen saturation?

A

95-98%

49
Q

Blood saturation levels below 90% may indicate what?

A

dysfunctional breathing or life threatening medical condition like emphysema.

Applied psychology (14 decks)

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