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Applied psychology > Clash 1 > Flashcards

Clash 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who introduced the concept of homeostasis?

A

Claude Barnard

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2
Q

Which term from cybernetics means error signal?

A

negative feedback

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3
Q

____ published animal studies that established the scientific foundation for biofeedback training for autonomic responses.

A

Miller and DiCara

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4
Q

_____ pioneered an alpha-theta training protocol to treat alcoholics.

A

Peniston and Kolkovsky

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5
Q

Which physician developed the electromyograph and Progressive Relaxation?

A

Jacobson

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6
Q

Who developed Autogenic Training in Germany?

A

Schultz

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7
Q

_____ published an influential article on the treatment of tension headache with frontal EMG biofeedback.

A

Budzynski and Stoyva

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8
Q

Trying to clench your fist illustrates _____.

A

active volition

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9
Q

What causes electrons to move in a circuit

A

electromotive force

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10
Q

The opposition to an AC signal is called _____.

A

impedance

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11
Q

Current is measured in ____.

A

amperes

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12
Q

What are acceptable skin-electrode impedance values?

A

no more than 10 KΩ for any active-reference pair and balanced within 5 KΩ

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13
Q

What does continuity testing determine?

A

whether or not there is a break in the electrode cable

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14
Q

What phenomenon allows us to detect EMG signals from the skin surface?.

A

Volume conductance

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15
Q

Why do we prepare the skin for EMG recording?

A

to obtain low and balanced skin-electrode impedance

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16
Q

If voltage is 10 and current is 5, what is resistance?

A

2

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17
Q

What does the abbreviation, micro or µ, mean?

A

1/1,000,000 or 1 millionth

18
Q

What impedance reading would you expect for an open circuit?

A

infinite

19
Q

Which current level can produce ventricular fibrillation?

A

50 mA

20
Q

How does an optical isolator protect a client from shock?

A

converts a biological signal into light and then back into an electrical signal

21
Q

Since active and reference electrodes are constructed identically, how do they differ?

A

actives are placed over the belly of the muscle, references are within 6” of each active

22
Q

Differential input impedance should be at least ___ times skin-electrode impedance

A

100 times

23
Q

Why place a preamplifier close to the electrode assembly?

A

reduces EMG signal loss

24
Q

Why use a differential amplifier instead of a single-ended amplifier?

A

Differential amplifier better controls artifact

25
Q

You would reduce contamination by 60-Hz artifact by using a ____ filter.

A

60-Hz Notch filter

26
Q

Send a 1 microvolt signal into a bandpass filter. What amplitude would you see at the corner frequencies?

A

0.707 microvolts

27
Q

Why is rectification necessary?

A

the symmetrical halves of an AC signal would cancel themselves out when you add them together

28
Q

What is the function of an integrator?

A

allows the measure of signal voltage

29
Q

What does a dummy subject reveal?

A

total system noise: instrument noise and environmental noise

30
Q

What is the bandwidth of a 40-1000 Hz bandpass?

A

960 Hz

31
Q

Why is sensitivity important?

A

sensitivity determines the smallest signal voltage that an electromyograph can distinguish from artifact

32
Q

Why measure common mode rejection ratio at 60 Hz in the US?

A

60 Hz is the frequency where artifact rejection is most important

33
Q

What is a state-of-the-art common mode rejection ratio?

A

180 dB

34
Q

What does signal-to-noise ratio measure?

A

it is a ratio between signal voltage and artifact voltage

35
Q

Why is a high differential input impedance important?

A

this ensures that more of the signal will reach the electromyograph

36
Q

What does a rectifier do?

A

a rectifier transforms an AC signal into a DC signal

37
Q

Which integration methods produce the highest and lowest amplitudes?

A

Highest: peak-to peak

Lowest: average

38
Q

Explain resolution

A

resolution is the smallest signal change an instrument can detect

39
Q

Which personality experiences negative emotions, but cannot express them in social situations?

A

Type D

40
Q

During Selye’s _____ stage, a person appears normal, but adaptation to a stressor places increasing demands on the body, leading to diseases of adaptation.

A

resistance

41
Q

Cannon’s fight-or-flight response results in the release of ____ and ____ by the adrenal ____.

A

epinephrien and norephineprine by the medula

Applied psychology (14 decks)

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