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Applied psychology > Clash 4 note cards > Flashcards

Clash 4 note cards Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the only endosomatic measurement of skin electrical activity

A

skin potential

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2
Q

What units is skin potential measured

A

Millivolts

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3
Q

Which electrodermal measure is concerned with the ease of current movement through the skin?

A

skin conductance

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4
Q

In which units is skin conductance measured?

A

microsiemens

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5
Q

As sweat rises in the duct, skin conductance _____.

A

Increase

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6
Q

Researchers prefer the constant _____ method to detect skin conductance

A

Voltage

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7
Q

Which current do researchers prefer to detect skin conductance?

A

AC

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8
Q

How does hand-washing affect skin conductance?

A

Lowers it

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9
Q

The _____ electrode placement method places sensors at two electrically-active sites.

A

bipolar

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10
Q

Skin conductance measures the activity of _____ sweat glands

A

Eccrine

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11
Q

Toby’s skin conductance level reading was 35 uS. Is this within the normal range or artifact?

A

artifact, since conductance level ranges from 1-30 uS

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12
Q

_____ are specialized for receiving messages from other neurons.

A

Dendrites

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13
Q

What is integrated at an axon hillock?

A

EPSPs and IPSPs

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14
Q

The _____ interacts with the cortex to produce the EEG.

A

The thalamus interacts with the cortex to produce the EEG

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15
Q

The EEG is comprised of _____ from the upper cortical layers

A

EPSPs and IPSPs

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16
Q

The majority of EEG power falls within ____.

A

0-20 Hz

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17
Q

What is a dominant frequency?

A

the largest amplitude frequency

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18
Q

When you are awake, your dominant frequency is at least ____.

A

13 Hz

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19
Q

When a person is vigilant, the _____ in the brain stem helps generate beta activity.

A

locus coeruleus (ascending reticular activity system)

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20
Q

Restricting somatosensory input to the thalamus produces the _____ rhythm.

A

SMR

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21
Q

Reducing sensory input to the thalamus produces the “inattentive drowsiness” characteristic of the ____ rhythm.

A

theta

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22
Q

___ and ___ are two “idling” frequencies

A

Alpha and theta…also SMR

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23
Q

Which EEG rhythm is between 7.5 and 12.5 Hz?

A

alpha

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24
Q

Which two landmarks would you use to draw a line from the front to the back of the skull?

A

nasion to inion

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25
Q

The International 10-20 system places odd numbers on the ____ side.

A

left

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26
Q

Which electrodes are used in monopolar recording

A

one active and one reference

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27
Q

What does Hz mean and how is it related to frequency?

A

Hz is the number of cycles per second and is the unit of frequency

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28
Q

When are two EEG waveforms phase-synchronous

A

same frequency and the peaks and valleys coincide

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29
Q

Lubar’s ADHD protocol trains children to reduce ____ activity and replace it with ____ activity

A

reduce 4-8 Hz activity and replace it with 16-20 Hz activity.

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30
Q

Sterman’s grand mal epilepsy protocol trains patients to increase 12-14 Hz activity and decrease _____.

A

4-7 Hz, 20+ Hz, epileptiform spikes, and EMG artifact.

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31
Q

Which hemisphere mediates negative affect?

A

right hemisphere

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32
Q

EEG amplitude is measured in _____.

A

microvolts

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33
Q

Lubar’s ADD/ADHD protocol for children requires an average of ____ sessions.

A

35

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34
Q

Which describes the EEG beta rhythm?

A

desynchronous

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35
Q

Why is beta signal amplitude low?

A

Since large populations of neurons do not fire in step during beta activity, the signal amplitude is low.

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36
Q

Lubar cautions families considering ADD/ADHD protocol for their children that

A

that continued use of medication may be required, learning exercises will be incorporated into neurofeedback training, and there will be a several-year follow-up

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37
Q

Ayers and colleagues start neurofeedback for open head trauma at the _______

A

somatosensory cortex

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38
Q

What triggers the movement of synaptic vesicles to the release zone of an axon terminal button?

A

calcium entry into the terminal button

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39
Q

hen neurons depolarize _______. This makes the neurons more _______ inside.

A

sodium ions enter, positive

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40
Q

when vigilance input to the thalamus is reduced, this results in inattentive drowsiness. Which EEG rhythm is associated with this state?

A

theta

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41
Q

The Peniston and Kulkosky protocol for treating addiction incorporates _____ alpha-theta neurofeedback sessions across 28 days.

A

30

42
Q

Ayers treated 32 level 2 coma patients, who were comatose for more than 2 months, noninvasively with neurofeedback. How many of these patients emerged from their comas after 1-6 treatments?

A

25 of 32

43
Q

When a patient relaxes without cognitive activity, this increases the ______ rhythm.

A

alpha

44
Q

The _______ interacts with the cortex to produce cortical EEG rhythms

A

Thalamus

45
Q

The goal of alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for depression reported by Baehr and colleagues is to ______ the difference between ______ frontal alpha amplitude with respect to total left and right frontal alpha amplitude.

A

Increase; right-left

46
Q

Ayers and colleagues’ neurofeedback protocol for open head trauma trains patients to _______.

A

decrease 4-7 Hz activity and increase 15-18 Hz activity

47
Q

Experimental patients who received Peniston and Kulkosky’s alpha-theta protocol for alcoholism and control patients were assessed over a 24-month follow-up period. Across this period, ____ of the 10 experimental and ____ of the 10 controls maintained abstinence.

A

8, 0

48
Q

hich dominant frequency would you expect in the EEG of a healthy, awake adult?

A

atleast 13

49
Q

hen training children with ADD/ADHD, Lubar attempts to decrease ______ activity and increase ______ activity.

A

4-8 Hz; 16-20 Hz

50
Q

he rationale for alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for mood disorders is that _______.

A

the left frontal area mediates approach behavior

51
Q

An axon hillock must typically become ______ more positive than at rest to trigger an action potential.

A

20 mV

52
Q

Which EEG waveform did Sheer associate with “focused arousal” during learning?

A

40 Hz

53
Q

Sterman (1994) proposed that _______ systems mainly influence thalamic generation of field potentials recorded from the scalp.

A

vigilance, sensorimotor integration, and cognitive integration

54
Q

The latency of a skin conductance response (SCR) is _____ seconds.

A

1-3

55
Q

dummy subject could help check the calibration of an electrodermograph for _____.

A

kin conductance and skin resistance

56
Q

Skin potential level is measured in _______.

A

millivolts

57
Q

Labiles show higher resting _____ and larger ____and more rapid responses to stimuli and return to resting levels than stabiles.

A

SCLs; SCRS

58
Q

Which pathway produces sweating to increase fine motor control?

A

premotor

59
Q

what is the combination of electrodes used in a single amplifier channel?

A

a derivative

60
Q

reathing pattern can influence EEG training. For example, when hyperventilation constricts cerebral blood vessels, it generates ______ activity

A

theta

61
Q

Which bandpass can be used to measure low beta EEG activity?

A

13-21 Hz

62
Q

hich dominant frequency would you expect in the EEG of a healthy, awake adult?

A

Atleast 13 Hz

63
Q

hen vigilance input to the thalamus is reduced, this results in inattentive drowsiness. Which EEG rhythm is associated with this state?

A

Theta

64
Q

Which describes the EEG beta rhythm?

A

desynchronous

65
Q

The _______ interacts with the cortex to produce cortical EEG rhythms.

A

thalamus

66
Q

In which range is gamma activity found?

A

36-44 Hz

67
Q

Anxiety, hypervigilance, and panic are associated with the _____ range.

A

19-36 Hz; high beta

68
Q

19-36 Hz

A

high beta.

69
Q

An axon hillock must typically become ______ more positive than at rest to trigger an action potential.

A

10-20 mv

70
Q

When neurons depolarize _______. This makes the neurons more _______ inside.

A

sodium ions enter;positive

71
Q

The rationale for alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for mood disorders is that

A

the left frontal area mediates approach behavior

72
Q

Which triggers the movement of synaptic vesicles to the release zone of an axon terminal button?

A

calcium entry into the terminal button

73
Q

Lubar’s ADHD protocol for children requires an average of ____ sessions.

A

35

74
Q

The goal of alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for depression reported by Baehr and colleagues is to ______ the difference between ______ frontal alpha amplitude with respect to total left and right frontal alpha amplitude.

A

ncrease, right-left

75
Q

The Peniston and Kulkosky protocol for treating addiction incorporates _____ alpha-theta neurofeedback sessions across 28 days.

A

30

76
Q

Ayers and colleagues’ neurofeedback protocol for open head trauma trains patients to

A

decrease 4-7 Hz activity and increase 15-18 Hz activity.

77
Q

Sherlin, Arns, Lubar, and Sokhadze (2010) suggested that medication may be more appropriate than neurofeedback when the primary symptom is

A

hyperactivity.

78
Q

Evidence-Based Practice in Biofeedback and Neurofeedback (2008) rated neurofeedback for anxiety at level

A

4 - efficacious.

79
Q

When training children with ADHD, Lubar attempts to decrease ______ activity and increase ______ activity.

A

4-8 Hz, 16-20 Hz

80
Q

vidence-Based Practice in Biofeedback and Neurofeedback (2008) rated neurofeedback for traumatic brain injury at level

A

3 - probably efficacious.

81
Q

Experimental patients who received Peniston and Kulkosky’s alpha-theta protocol for alcoholism and control patients were assessed over a 24-month follow-up period. Across this period, ____ of the 10 experimental and ____ of the 10 controls maintained abstinence.

A

8, 0

82
Q

Botox and endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) are medical treatments for

A

hyperhidrosis.

83
Q

Diabetic neuropathy involves the _____ of nerves.

A

degeneration and inflammation

84
Q

educed pain and peripheral limb perception is a common problem in

A

foot ulcer

85
Q

Which nerves are affected by diabetic neuropathy?

A

peripheral

86
Q

In _____, patients present with excessive perspiration by the hands and feet

A

hyperhidrosis

87
Q

In which disorder might temperature biofeedback speed the removal of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and protease enzymes to reduce pain?

A

arthritis

88
Q

4-7 Hz

A

Theta

89
Q

8-13 Hz

A

Alpha

90
Q

20-50 Hz

A

Beta

91
Q

36-100 Hz

A

gamma

92
Q

what is the source of slwo cortical potentials?

A

Glial cells

93
Q

source of alpha

A

Neocortex and thalamus

94
Q

12-15 Hz

A

SMR

95
Q

high beta?

A

16-20

96
Q

drowsiness artifact occurs when

A

stage 1 or2 of sleep

97
Q

Efficacious rating for anxiety?

A

4

98
Q

Efficacious rating for epilepsy?

A

4

99
Q

Efficacious rating for Depression?

A

4

100
Q

Efficacious rating for Alcholism/substance abuse?

A

3

101
Q

Efficacious rating for ADHD?

A

5

102
Q

Efficacious rating for TBI?

A

3

Applied psychology (14 decks)

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