Respiration & Breathing Flashcards
Aerobic respiration equation
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water
What is respiration and what does it produce?
The breakdown of food molecules to produce energy
Anaerobic respiration equation
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In all living cells in the mitochondria
What do we do with the energy released
Active transport
Build smaller molecules into larger ones
Muscle contractions
Constant body temp
How to make proteins
In plants, glucose, nitrates and other minerals are combined using energy to make amino acids.
In animals amino acids are already there.
More energy is then used along with ribosomes to create proteins.
What happens when you exercise
Respiration increases Increased demand for glucose and oxygen Increased production of water and carbon dioxide. Blood vessels dialate Glycogen converted into glucose
Anaerobic respiration is muscles
Glucose ---> lactic acid C6H12O6 ---> 2C3O6H3 Painful Must be oxidised Equals oxygen debt. Glucose is not fully broken down Less energy released
The thorax
Trachea Ribs & intercostal muscles Bronchus & bronchioles Diaphragm Lungs Pleural membranes (inner and outer) & pleural fluid Alveoli
Trachea
Air to move into and out of lungs
Bronchi
Allows air to move from the trachea to each lung
Bronchioles
Air to move in and out of alveoli
Alveoli
Gases are exchanged into the bloodstream
Pleural membrane
Makes the lungs airtight
Pleural fluids
Lubrication, allows the lungs to expand and contract easily
Ribs
Protects and allows intercostal muscles to be attached
Intercostal muscles
Moves the rib cage up and down
Diaphragm
Moves up and down resulting in ventilation
Inhale
Diaphragm contracts so volume increases
Pressure in thorax falls
Air is sucked into lungs
Exhaling
Diaphragm releasing resuming its moral domed shape
Volume of thorax decreases
Pressure increased
Air forced out of lungs
Ventilation definition
Changing the air in your gas exchange organs. This is an active process
Gas exchange
Gas diffusing in and out of your cells inside the gas exchange organs. In mammals oxygen diffuses from feh alveoli in the air spaces into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. This is a passive process
2 types of ventilators
Negative pressure: makes air draw into lungs
Positive pressure ventilators: force air into lungs
During exercise glycogen is turned into…
Glucose
