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Biology > Chemicals > Flashcards

Chemicals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Monosacorides

A

Simple sugars

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1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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2
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides

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3
Q

Sweet and dissolve in water

A

Simple sugar

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4
Q

Thousands of monosaccharides = ….

A

Polysaccharides
Starch, Glucose, Cellulose
Insoluble

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5
Q

During digestion…. Is broken down into…..

A

Polysaccharides into monosaccharides

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6
Q

Lipids

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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7
Q

Proteins

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
(Some contain sulphur)
Long chain of monomers to form polymers
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8
Q

Protein is…

A

Long chain of monomers ( amino acids )
Order determines shape
Shape determines function

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9
Q

Carbohydrate uses

A

Exoskeleton
Cell walls
Store energy
Energy respiration

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10
Q

Uses of lipids

A 
Oils
Energy
Cell membranes
Makes hormones
Protection
Insulation (heat and electrical)
Respiration
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11
Q

Uses of proteins

A

Antibodies
Muscles (actin & myosin)
Hormones
Enzymes

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12
Q

Starch test

A

Iodine

Brown to blue black

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13
Q

Simple sugars (monosaccharides)

A

Benedict’s solution + heat

Blue solution to brick red/ orange precipitate

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14
Q

Protein

A

Biaret reagent

Blue solution to purple / lilac solution

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15
Q

Lipids

A

Ethanol + water

Colourless solution to cloudy emulation.

16
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts. Made of protein

17
Q

Enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose

A

Amylase

18
Q

Enzymes that break large molecules down into smaller ones

A

Catabolic

19
Q

Enzymes that build small molecules into larger ones

A

Anabolic

20
Q

Amylase

A

Salvia glands, pancreas, small intestine wall.

Starch to sugar

21
Q

Proteases

A

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine wall.

Proteins to amino acids

22
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreas, small intestine wall.

Lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

23
Q

Enzyme use in the home

A

Biological washing powders. Proteases and lipases. Cool wash

24
Q

Enzyme uses in industry

A

Baby food. Proteases. Pre-digests food.
Sugar syrup. Carbohydrases starch to glucose. Cheap sweetness, fuel (ethanol)
Fructose syrup: Isomerase. Same calories as glucose but much sweeter taste. Used in slimming foods.

25
Q

All carbohydrates are made up of…

A

Sugars

26
Q

Complex carbohydrates are..

A

Long chains of simple sugars

27
Q

Enzymes can..

A

Build large molecules
Change one molecule into another
Break down large molecules into smaller ones

Biology (23 decks)

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