Evolution

Question 0

Jean-baptiste de Lamarck

Answer 0

Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Characteristics which develop during an organisms lifetime can be passed on to the next generation

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The process of slow change in living organisms over long periods of time as those best adapted to survive breed successfully

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Theory of evolution through natural selection. Small changes in organisms take place over a very long time. Therefore all organisms in a species vary and therefore some are more likely to survive. Those best adapted breed and pass on their characteristics

Question 3

Natural selection

Answer 3

The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support so only those which are most suited to their environment- the fittest- will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics.

Question 4

Key steps in natural selection

Answer 4

Mutation of gene–> advantage to survival–> breed–> pass on useful genes

Question 5

Why was darwins ideas not accepted

Answer 5

Challenged god made all creatures the way he wanted them to.
Not sufficient evidence (scientists believed)
Darwin couldn’t explain how inheritance worked (no knowledge about genes)

Question 6

Darwins proof

Answer 6

Galápagos Islands
Birds
Finches

Question 7

How to answer an evolution question

Answer 7

Mutation–> variation–> best adapted–> survival–> breed–> useful genes passed onto offspring.

Question 8

What are fossils

Answer 8

The remains of organisms from millions of years ago found in rocks

Question 9

What do fossils provide evidence for

Answer 9

Gradual change
Emergence of new species from old ones
Common ancestors
Extinction

Question 10

5 ways formed

Answer 10

Sedimentation
Ice fossils
Petrified plants
Amber
Animal prints

Question 11

Sedimentation

Answer 11

Animals die
Soft tissue decays
Skeleton buried in sediment 
Compacted over millions of years
Skeletons replaced with minerals leaving detailed imprint in rock

Question 12

Ice fossils

Answer 12

Conditions for decay absent
Whole organisms may be preserved in ice
Eg mammoth

Question 13

Petrified plants

Answer 13

Trees or plants may not decompose

Plant tissue replaced with minerals

Question 14

Amber

Answer 14

Small insects trapped in tree sap

Hardens to form amber

Question 15

Animal prints

Answer 15

Not actual animal remains

Footprint to lest in sediment that hardens

Question 16

Why fossil record incomplete

Answer 16

Not everything fossilised (esp microorganisms)
Many not found
Many destroyed

Question 17

Interpreting fossils

Answer 17

Deeper= older (unless rocks pushed up and folded)

Carbon dating

Question 18

How extinction happens

Answer 18

Disease
Environment change
New predator 
New competitor
Single catastrophic event

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

Random changes in base sequence of a gene.
Give rise to new alleles
Often when errors occur when DNA is being copied before cells divide (meiosis or mitosis)

Question 20

Mutation more likely to occur

Answer 20

Rapid division

Exposure to uv light- ionising radiation, some chemical agents.

Question 21

Speciation def

Answer 21

The formation of new species

Question 22

Species def

Answer 22

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can breed successfully to produce viable offspring

Question 23

Speciation (5 marks)

Answer 23

Variation exists within a species
Separated
Different alleles become more prominent (diff natural selection)
Interbreeding no longer possible
New species